Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of Turkey: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna grade (MBA, ranked #23 of 195).
Turkey is a presidential republic in Southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria. The country's capital is Ankara; it covers 783,562 sq km. Independence: 29 October 1923 (republic proclaimed, succeeding the Ottoman Empire). Terrain: high central plateau (Anatolia); narrow coastal plain; several mountain ranges. Climate: temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior. Population: 84.6 million (2025 estimate). Population growth: +0.59% per year. Median age: …
| Capital | Ankara |
|---|---|
| Population | 84,625,585 (2025 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $3.018 trillion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $35,300 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | 3.2% (2024 est.) |
| Inflation | 58.5% |
| Unemployment | 8.5% |
| Public debt | 33.1% of GDP (2023 est.) |
| Exports | $372.756 billion (2024 est.) |
| Imports | $367.022 billion (2024 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 76.7 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 34.4 |
| Urbanization | 77.5% of total population (2023) |
| Government | presidential republic |
| Independence | 29 October 1923 (republic proclaimed, succeeding the Ottoman Empire) |
| Languages | Turkish (official), Kurdish, other minority languages |
MBA · 67/100 — The Magna grade is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — five dimensions, 100+ indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum -3 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
The $18B investment-fund crisis dominated September — 131 funds liquidated, over 455,000 investors hit — and dragged sentiment down regardless of Ankara's reassurances.
Erdogan pitched the disinflation programme at the UN General Assembly and holds the COP31 presidency in November, but the quarter's verdict was negative: financial scandal outweighs diplomacy.
Coal, Iron ore, Copper, Chromium, Antimony, Mercury, Gold, Barite, Marble, Sulfur, Hydropower.
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan — President. President Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (since 28 August 2014)
Turkey maintains 145 embassies and 93 consulates abroad, hosts 139 foreign diplomatic missions, holds permanent missions to Council of Europe Strasbourg, EU Brussels, ICAO Montreal, NATO Brussels, OECD Paris, OIC Jeddah, OSCE Vienna, UNESCO Paris, UN New York, UN Geneva, UN Nairobi, UN Vienna, WTO Geneva. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 145 |
|---|---|
| Consulates abroad | 93 |
| Foreign missions hosted | 139 |
| Multilateral missions | Council of Europe Strasbourg, EU Brussels, ICAO Montreal, NATO Brussels, OECD Paris, OIC Jeddah, OSCE Vienna, UNESCO Paris, UN New York, UN Geneva, UN Nairobi, UN Vienna, WTO Geneva |
Source: Outbound: Lowy Institute Global Diplomacy Index 2024 (via Wikipedia 'List of countries by number of diplomatic missions'). Hosted: Wikipedia 'List of diplomatic missions in Turkey' (139 embassies in Ankara). Multilateral: Wikipedia 'List of diplomatic missions of Turkey' (crawled 2026-10-01).
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Coastal — 7200 km of coastline. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 116 + 240 heliports (registration prefix TC) |
| Major seaports | Haydarpasa, Istanbul, Izmir, Mersin, Nemrut Limani Bay, Samsun |
| Railways | 11497 km |
| Pipelines | 14,666 km gas, 3,293 km oil (2017) |
| Top container ports (TEU) | Ambarli (2,942,550 TEU, 2021); Icel) (2,106,937 TEU, 2021); Izmet (1,967,946 TEU, 2021) |
Adnan Menderes International Airport (ADB) — Gaziemir; Antalya International Airport (AYT) — Antalya; Balıkesir Koca Seyit Airport (EDO) — Edremit; Dalaman International Airport (DLM) — Dalaman; Esenboğa International Airport (ESB) — Ankara; Gaziantep Oğuzeli International Airport (GZT) — Gaziantep; Hasan Polatkan Airport (AOE) — Eskişehir; Istanbul Sabiha Gökçen International Airport (SAW) — Pendik, Istanbul; Kayseri Erkilet International Airport (ASR) — Kayseri; Konya Airport (KYA) — Konya.
Showing 10 of 15 major airports.
| LNG import terminals | Aliaga, Dortyol, Ekti (Izmir), Marmara Ereglisi |
|---|
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28); theodora.com CIA mirror (CIA World Factbook Transportation section), scraped 2026-10-02
| Political system | presidential republic |
|---|---|
| Last election | 2023 — presidential; 2023-05-28; winner: Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (AK Party); runoff 52.18% vs Kılıçdaroğlu aa.com.tr |
| Next election | 2028 — presidential (scheduled) |
Source: constitutional schedule / public election calendar
MBA · 67 Ranked #23 of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for Turkey.
