Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of Mexico: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna grade (MCB, ranked #62 of 195).
Mexico — in North America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of America, between Belize and the United States and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and the United States. Political status: federal presidential republic. The country's capital is Mexico City (Ciudad de Mexico); it covers 1,964,375 sq km. Independence: 16 September 1810 (declared independence from Spain); 27 September 1821 (recognized by Spain). Terrain: high, rugged mountains; low coastal plains; high plateaus; desert. Climate: varies from tropical to desert. Population: 130.7 million (2024 estimate). Population growth: +0.81% per year. Median age: 31.0 years. Life expectancy: 74.6 years (2024 est.).…
| Capital | Mexico City (Ciudad de Mexico) |
|---|---|
| Population | 130,739,927 (2024 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $2.883 trillion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $22,000 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | 1.5% (2024 est.) |
| Inflation | 4.7% |
| Unemployment | 2.8% |
| Public debt | 45.1% of GDP (2023 est.) |
| Exports | $680.798 billion (2024 est.) |
| Imports | $697.067 billion (2024 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 74.6 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 31.0 |
| Urbanization | 81.6% of total population (2023) |
| Government | federal presidential republic |
| Independence | 16 September 1810 (declared independence from Spain); 27 September 1821 (recognized by Spain) |
| Languages | Spanish only 93.8%, Spanish and indigenous languages (including Mayan, Nahuatl, and others) 5.4%, indigenous only 0.6%, unspecified 0.2% (2020 est.) |
MCB · 54/100 — The Magna grade is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — five dimensions, 100+ indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum +3 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
Mexico navigated US tariff pressure inside the USMCA framework without breaking the relationship — the quarter's central test, passed.
Behind the diplomacy, the fundamentals held: record first-half FDI and falling homicides. A modestly positive quarter for a country managing a giant neighbour.
Oil, Silver, Antimony, Copper, Gold, Lead, Zinc, Natural gas, Timber.
Claudia Sheinbaum — President. President Claudia SHEINBAUM Pardo (since 1 October 2024)
Mexico maintains 80 embassies and 71 consulates abroad, hosts 86 foreign diplomatic missions, holds permanent missions to UN New York, OAS Washington. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 80 |
|---|---|
| Consulates abroad | 71 |
| Foreign missions hosted | 86 |
| Multilateral missions | UN New York, OAS Washington |
Source: Lowy Institute Global Diplomacy Index 2024 via Wikipedia 'List of countries by number of diplomatic missions' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_diplomatic_missions ; hosted: Consular Affairs Center Jan 2026 report (in-country ranking) https://zenodo.org/records/18109976
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Coastal — 9330 km of coastline. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 1580 + 488 heliports (registration prefix XA) |
| Major seaports | Acapulco, Ensenada, Manzanillo, Mazatlan, Tampico, Tuxpan, Veracruz |
| Railways | 23389 km |
Abraham González International Airport (CJS) — Ciudad Juárez; Adolfo López Mateos International Airport (TLC) — Toluca; Aguascalientes International Airport (AGU) — Aguascalientes; Bachigualato Federal International Airport (CUL) — Culiacán; Bahías de Huatulco International Airport (HUX) — Huatulco; Cancún International Airport (CUN) — Cancún; Carlos Rovirosa Pérez International Airport (VSA) — Villahermosa; Cozumel International Airport (CZM) — Cozumel; Felipe Carrillo Puerto International Airport Tulum (TQO) — Tulum; Felipe Ángeles International Airport (NLU) — Mexico City.
Showing 10 of 15 major airports.
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28)
| Political system | federal presidential republic |
|---|---|
| Next election | No election currently scheduled. |
MCB · 54 Ranked #62 of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for Mexico.
