Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of Indonesia: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna grade (MBB, ranked #32 of 195).
Indonesia is a presidential republic in Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The country's capital is Jakarta; it covers 1,904,569 sq km. Independence: 17 August 1945 (declared independence from the Netherlands). Terrain: mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains. Climate: tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands. Population: 283.6 million (2025 estimate). Population growth: +0.70% per year. Median age: 31.8 years. Life expectancy: 73.6 years (2024 est.). Languages: Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (of which the most widely spoken is Javanese); note - more than 700 lang…
| Capital | Jakarta |
|---|---|
| Population | 283,587,097 (2025 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $4.102 trillion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $14,500 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | 5% (2024 est.) |
| Inflation | 3.7% |
| Unemployment | 3.3% |
| Public debt | 45.34% of GDP (2022 est.) |
| Exports | $300.868 billion (2024 est.) |
| Imports | $279.419 billion (2024 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 73.6 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 31.8 |
| Urbanization | 58.6% of total population (2023) |
| Government | presidential republic |
| Independence | 17 August 1945 (declared independence from the Netherlands) |
| Languages | Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (of which the most widely spoken is Javanese); note - more than 700 languages are used in Indonesia |
MBB · 64/100 — The Magna grade is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — five dimensions, 100+ indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum +4 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
Continuity was the story: the free-meals programme scaled past 60M recipients and the new capital kept rising, with no quarter-defining disruption.
Indonesia's momentum rests on being large, young and non-aligned — this quarter added steady bricks to a long wall.
Oil, Tin, Natural gas, Nickel, Timber, Bauxite, Copper, Coal, Gold, Silver.
Prabowo Subianto — President. President PRABOWO Subianto Djojohadikusumo (since 20 October 2024)
Indonesia maintains 130 embassies abroad, hosts 109 foreign diplomatic missions, holds permanent missions to ASEAN Jakarta, UN New York, UN Geneva. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 130 |
|---|---|
| Foreign missions hosted | 109 |
| Multilateral missions | ASEAN Jakarta, UN New York, UN Geneva |
Source: Lowy Institute Global Diplomacy Index 2024 (released 2024-02-25), https://globaldiplomacyindex.lowyinstitute.org/; Wikipedia 'List of diplomatic missions in Indonesia'
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Coastal — 54716 km of coastline. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 556 + 53 heliports (registration prefix PK) |
| Major seaports | Belawan, Cilacap, Dumai, Jakarta, Kasim Terminal, Merak Mas Terminal, Palembang, Surabaya, Ujung Pandang |
| Railways | 8159 km |
Adisoemarmo International Airport (SOC) — Surakarta; Denpasar I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport (DPS) — Kuta, Badung; Dortheys Hiyo Eluay International Airport (DJJ) — Sentani; Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport (HLP) — Jakarta; Hang Nadim International Airport (BTH) — Batam; Jenderal Ahmad Yani Airport (SRG) — Semarang; Juanda International Airport (SUB) — Surabaya; Kualanamu International Airport (KNO) — Beringin; Lombok International Airport (LOP) — Mataram (Pujut, Lombok Tengah); Minangkabau International Airport (PDG) — Padang (Katapiang).
Showing 10 of 15 major airports.
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28)
| Political system | presidential republic |
|---|---|
| Last election | 2024 — presidential; 2024-02-14; winner: Prabowo Subianto (Gerindra); 58.6%; sworn in 2024-10-20 Wikipedia |
| Next election | 2029 — general (scheduled) |
Source: constitutional schedule / public election calendar
MBB · 64 Ranked #32 of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for Indonesia.
Historical timeline of Indonesia
