Dossier: Rare Earths

This dossier collects Magna Bureau’s coverage of rare earths in one place: the news articles that track the export-control fight, the mineral pages for the elements themselves, the chokepoints through which the trade moves, the factbook profiles of the fourteen countries that list rare earths among their natural resources, and the rankings pages that score them. Rare earths are the seventeen elements behind permanent magnets, electronics, batteries, lasers, wind turbines, and electric vehicles — and the Bureau’s pages show a market where production and ground are held by different countries.

News

• The Rare-Earth Truce: Greenland, Magnets, and the 60-Day… — the truce and the magnet clock.
• The Magnet Clock: 35 Days to China’s Rare… — the countdown to the November 10 deadline.
• The Metals Monopoly: Who Really Owns the Energy Transition — who owns the transition’s metals.
• Rare-earth checks clog Indonesia’s… — checks slow Indonesia’s nickel trade.
• Beijing Agrees to Halve Hybrid Car Exports… — the export deal in the wider rare-earths fight.
• Trump accuses Xi of arming America’s… — the rare-earths thread in the superpower argument.

Minerals

• Rare earths — the fourteen holder countries, ranked by national power; the United States is the highest-ranked holder at 90.0.
• Neodymium — the key ingredient in the strongest permanent magnets known; China dominates refining and most magnet production.
• Praseodymium — sold and used with neodymium as NdPr oxide for magnet production.
• Dysprosium — preserves magnet strength at high temperatures; April 2025 export controls cut shipments by about half.
• Terbium — one of the scarcest commercially produced rare earths; United States imports came 100% from China over 2021–24.
• Samarium — magnets for extreme temperatures; highest probability-weighted GDP impact among rare earths in the USGS 2025 assessment.
• Europium — red and blue phosphors; added to China’s export-control list in October 2025.
• Yttrium — grouped with the heavy rare earths for processing; April 2025 export controls; United States 100% import-reliant.
• Scandium — byproduct only; about 80 tonnes of scandium oxide produced worldwide in 2025.
• Gallium — the adjacent semiconductor metal: China produces 99% of primary low-purity gallium.
• Germanium — the adjacent semiconductor metal: China holds about 60% of world output.
• Indium — the adjacent screen metal: China produces about 70% of world output.

Chokepoints

• Taiwan Strait — the semiconductor lifeline; about half the world’s container fleet and ~90% of advanced chips pass through.
• Strait of Malacca — the busiest shipping lane on Earth, on the route between Asian supply and world markets.

Countries

• United States — highest-ranked rare-earths holder (90.0).
• China — second-ranked holder (88.03); heads the production share table at 69%.
• Russia — third-ranked holder (84.29).
• India — holder (78.13).
• Australia — holder (72.51).
• Brazil — holder (68.58).
• Canada — holder (67.8).
• Vietnam — holder (65.5).
• Egypt — holder (64.86).
• South Africa — holder (61.47).
• Kyrgyzstan — holder (52.27).
• Estonia — holder (46.93).
• Madagascar — holder (45.96).
• Burundi — holder (8.89).

Rankings

• United States — national power score 90.0 out of 100.
• China — national power score 88.03 out of 100.
• Russia — national power score 84.29 out of 100.
• India — national power score 78.13 out of 100.
• Australia — national power score 72.51 out of 100.
• Brazil — national power score 68.58 out of 100.
• Canada — national power score 67.8 out of 100.
• Vietnam — national power score 65.5 out of 100.
• Egypt — national power score 64.86 out of 100.
• South Africa — national power score 61.47 out of 100.
• Kyrgyzstan — national power score 52.27 out of 100.
• Estonia — national power score 46.93 out of 100.
• Madagascar — national power score 45.96 out of 100.
• Burundi — national power score 8.89 out of 100.

All links on this page resolve to existing Magna Bureau pages. Holder scores are national power scores from the model run of 3 October 2026; production shares are from the minerals pages.