Thirty to forty-five million people, one divided homeland, a century of broken promises — and a question no Middle East settlement can dodge.
The Kurds are an Iranian ethnic group of roughly 30 to 45 million people, the Middle East’s largest nation without a state. Their homeland, Kurdistan, is divided between Türkiye, Iraq, Iran and Syria — a partition drawn by the colonial powers after World War I that has defined a century of uprising, repression and survival.
