Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of Tanzania: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna grade (MCB, ranked #122 of 195).
Tanzania is a presidential republic in Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique. The country's capital is Dodoma; it covers 947,300 sq km. Independence: 26 April 1964 (Tanganyika united with Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar); 29 October 1964 (renamed United Republic of Tanzania); notable earlier dates: 9 December 1961 (Tanganyika became independent from UK-administered UN trusteeship); 10 December 1963 (Zanzibar became independent from UK). Terrain: plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south. Climate: varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands. Population: 69.1 million (2025 estimate). Populat…
| Capital | Dodoma |
|---|---|
| Population | 69,145,464 (2025 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $246.706 billion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $3,700 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | 5.5% (2024 est.) |
| Inflation | 3.1% |
| Unemployment | 2.6% |
| Public debt | 38% of GDP (2016 est.) |
| Exports | $13.98 billion (2023 est.) |
| Imports | $16.059 billion (2023 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 70.8 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 18.8 |
| Urbanization | 37.4% of total population (2023) |
| Government | presidential republic |
| Independence | 26 April 1964 (Tanganyika united with Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar); 29 October 1964 (renamed United Republic of Tanzania); notable earlier dates: 9 December 1961 (Tanganyika became independent from UK-administered UN trusteeship); 10 December 1963 (Zanzibar became independent from UK) |
| Languages | Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic, many local languages |
MCB · 45/100 — The Magna grade is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — five dimensions, 100+ indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum 0 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
A neutral quarter in the truest sense: nothing happened that altered the country's course or standing.
The score records absence of momentum honestly — the deeper currents continue, unmoved by the calendar.
Hydropower, Tin, Phosphates, Iron ore, Coal, Diamonds, Gold, Natural gas, Nickel.
Samia Suluhu Hassan — President. President Samia Suluhu HASSAN (since 19 March 2021)
Tanzania maintains 43 embassies and 5 consulates abroad, hosts 60 foreign diplomatic missions, holds permanent missions to UN New York, AU Addis Ababa. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 43 |
|---|---|
| Consulates abroad | 5 |
| Foreign missions hosted | 60 |
| Multilateral missions | UN New York, AU Addis Ababa |
Source: Consular Affairs Center, Diplomatic and Consular Networks Database and Rankings, January 2026 (Zenodo, CC BY 4.0). https://zenodo.org/records/18109976
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Coastal — 1424 km of coastline. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 206 (registration prefix 5H) |
| Major seaports | Chake Chake, Dar Es Salaam, Tanga, Zanzibar |
| Railways | 4097 km |
| Pipelines | 311 km gas, 891 km oil, 8 km refined products (2013) |
Abeid Amani Karume International Airport (ZNZ) — Zanzibar; Julius Nyerere International Airport (DAR) — Dar es Salaam; Kilimanjaro International Airport (JRO) — Arusha; Mwanza International Airport (MWZ) — Mwanza; Arusha Airport (ARK) — Arusha; Dodoma Airport (DOD) — Dodoma; Mtwara Airport (MYW) — Mtwara; Songwe Airport (MBI) — Mbeya; Tanga Airport (TGT) — Tanga.
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28); theodora.com CIA mirror (CIA World Factbook Transportation section), scraped 2026-10-02
| Political system | presidential republic |
|---|---|
| Next election | No election currently scheduled. |
MCB · 45 Ranked #122 of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for Tanzania.
Historical timeline of Tanzania
