Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of Montenegro: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna grade (MCB, ranked #86 of 195).
Montenegro is a parliamentary republic in Southeastern Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia. The country's capital is Podgorica; it covers 13,812 sq km. Independence: 3 June 2006 (from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro); notable earlier dates: 13 March 1852 (Principality of Montenegro established); 13 July 1878 (Congress of Berlin recognizes Montenegrin independence); 28 August 1910 (Kingdom of Montenegro established). Terrain: highly indented coastline with narrow coastal plain backed by rugged high limestone mountains and plateaus. Climate: Mediterranean climate, hot dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland. Population: 600,000 (2024 es…
| Capital | Podgorica |
|---|---|
| Population | 599,849 (2024 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $17.375 billion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $27,900 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | 3% (2024 est.) |
| Inflation | 3.3% |
| Unemployment | 14.1% |
| Public debt | 67.2% of GDP (2017 est.) |
| Exports | $3.629 billion (2024 est.) |
| Imports | $5.478 billion (2024 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 78.2 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 41.5 |
| Urbanization | 68.5% of total population (2023) |
| Government | parliamentary republic |
| Independence | 3 June 2006 (from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro); notable earlier dates: 13 March 1852 (Principality of Montenegro established); 13 July 1878 (Congress of Berlin recognizes Montenegrin independence); 28 August 1910 (Kingdom of Montenegro established) |
| Languages | Serbian 42.9%, Montenegrin (official) 37%, Bosnian 5.3%, Albanian 5.3%, Serbo-Croat 2%, other 3.5%, unspecified 4% (2011 est.) |
MCB · 50/100 — The Magna grade is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — five dimensions, 100+ indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum 0 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
An uneventful quarter, recorded without embellishment: no breakthrough to celebrate, no setback to mourn.
The longer forces — demographics, trade routes, regional balances — kept doing what they do, and the country rode them steadily.
Bauxite.
Milojko Spajić — Prime Minister. President Jakov MILATOVIC (since 20 May 2023)
Montenegro maintains 26 embassies and 4 consulates abroad, hosts 27 foreign diplomatic missions, holds permanent missions to UN New York, UN Geneva, NATO Brussels, UNESCO Paris, OSCE Vienna, CoE Strasbourg. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 26 |
|---|---|
| Consulates abroad | 4 |
| Foreign missions hosted | 27 |
| Multilateral missions | UN New York, UN Geneva, NATO Brussels, UNESCO Paris, OSCE Vienna, CoE Strasbourg |
Source: Abroad: Consular Affairs Center, of-country ranking, Jan 2026 (26/4), Zenodo https://zenodo.org/records/18109976/ . Hosted: Consular Affairs Center, in-country ranking, Jan 2026 (Podgorica 27). Multilateral rosters as for AUT.
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Coastal — 293.5 km of coastline. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 5 + 1 heliports (registration prefix 4O) |
| Major seaports | Bar, Kotor, Risan, Tivat |
| Railways | 250 km |
Podgorica Airport / Podgorica Golubovci Airbase (TGD) — Podgorica; Tivat Airport (TIV) — Tivat.
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28)
| Political system | parliamentary republic |
|---|---|
| Next election | No election currently scheduled. |
MCB · 50 Ranked #86 of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for Montenegro.
