Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of Kazakhstan: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna grade (MBB, ranked #52 of 195).
Kazakhstan is a presidential republic in Central Asia, northwest of China; a small portion west of the Ural (Oral) River in easternmost Europe. The country's capital is Astana; it covers 2,724,900 sq km. Independence: 16 December 1991 (from the Soviet Union). Terrain: vast flat steppe extending from the Volga in the west to the Altai Mountains in the east and from the plains of western Siberia in the north to oases and deserts of Central Asia in the south. Climate: continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiarid. Population: 20.4 million (2025 estimate). Population growth: +0.83% per year. Median age: 32.1 years. Life expectancy: 73.3 years (2024 est.). Languages: Kazakh (offic…
| Capital | Astana |
|---|---|
| Population | 20,432,662 (2025 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $739.385 billion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $35,900 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | 4.8% (2024 est.) |
| Inflation | 8.8% |
| Unemployment | 4.8% |
| Public debt | 20.9% of GDP (2023 est.) |
| Exports | $91.908 billion (2024 est.) |
| Imports | $74.246 billion (2024 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 73.3 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 32.1 |
| Urbanization | 58.2% of total population (2023) |
| Government | presidential republic |
| Independence | 16 December 1991 (from the Soviet Union) |
| Languages | Kazakh (official, Qazaq) 80.1%, Russian 83.7%, English 35.1% (2021 est.) |
MBB · 56/100 — The Magna grade is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — five dimensions, 100+ indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum +2 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
Kazakhstan kept playing the multi-vector game well — the Middle Corridor's relevance growing, official visits westward, growth holding near 5%.
Steady statecraft on the land bridge that matters: modestly positive, earned.
Oil, Natural gas, Coal, Iron ore, Manganese, Chromium, Nickel, Cobalt, Copper, Molybdenum, Lead, Zinc, Bauxite, Gold, Uranium.
Kassym-Jomart Tokayev — President. President Kasym-Zhomart TOKAYEV (since 20 March 2019)
Kazakhstan maintains 69 embassies and 23 consulates abroad. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 69 |
|---|---|
| Consulates abroad | 23 |
Source: Outbound: Consular Affairs Center (Yonsei Univ.), diplomatic & consular networks database, January 2026 report (Zenodo).
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Landlocked — no seacoast; exports move through transit corridors across neighbouring countries. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 132 + 32 heliports (registration prefix UP) |
| Railways | 16636 km |
| Pipelines | 658 km condensate, 15,429 km gas (2020), 8,020 km oil (2020), 1,095 km refined products, 1,975 km water (2017) (2020) |
Aktau International Airport (SCO) — Aktau; Aktobe International Airport (AKX) — Aktobe; Almaty International Airport (ALA) — Almaty; Atyrau International Airport (GUW) — Atyrau; Baikonur Krayniy International Airport (BXY) — Baikonur; Hazrat Sultan International Airport (HSA) — Turkıstan; Kokshetau International Airport (KOV) — Kokshetau; Korkyt Ata International Airport (KZO) — Kyzylorda; Kostanay International Airport (KSN) — Kostanay; Manshuk Mametova International Airport (URA) — Uralsk.
Showing 10 of 15 major airports.
| River ports | Oskemen (Ust-Kamenogorsk), Pavlodar, Semey (Semipalatinsk) (Irtysh River) |
|---|
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28); theodora.com CIA mirror (CIA World Factbook Transportation section), scraped 2026-10-02
| Political system | presidential republic |
|---|---|
| Next election | No election currently scheduled. |
MBB · 56 Ranked #52 of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for Kazakhstan.
Historical timeline of Kazakhstan
