Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of Finland: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna grade (MBB, ranked #34 of 195).
Finland is a parliamentary republic in Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia. The country's capital is Helsinki; it covers 338,145 sq km. Independence: 6 December 1917 (from Russia). Terrain: mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills. Climate: cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes. Population: 5.6 million (2025 estimate). Population growth: +0.02% per year. Median age: 44.0 years. Life expectancy: 82.2 years (2024 est.). Languages: Finnish (official) 85.9%, Swedish (off…
| Capital | Helsinki |
|---|---|
| Population | 5,550,449 (2025 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $313.591 billion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $55,600 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | -0.2% (2024 est.) |
| Inflation | 1.6% |
| Unemployment | 8.3% |
| Public debt | 61.3% of GDP (2017 est.) |
| Exports | $124.531 billion (2024 est.) |
| Imports | $122.644 billion (2024 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 82.2 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 44.0 |
| Urbanization | 85.8% of total population (2023) |
| Government | parliamentary republic |
| Independence | 6 December 1917 (from Russia) |
| Languages | Finnish (official) 85.9%, Swedish (official) 5.2%, Russian 1.7%, other 7.2% (2022 est.) |
MBB · 63/100 — The Magna grade is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — five dimensions, 100+ indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum 0 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
Frontline-state steadiness: NATO integration deepened, F-35 deliveries proceeded, and the corporate-tax cut decision signalled a government playing the long game.
No quarter-defining event — Finland's score rests on institutions and alliance weight, both intact.
Timber, Iron ore, Copper, Lead, Zinc, Nickel, Gold, Silver.
Petteri Orpo — Prime Minister. President Alexander STUBB (since 1 March 2024)
Finland maintains 74 embassies and 6 consulates abroad, hosts 63 foreign diplomatic missions, holds permanent missions to UN New York, UN Geneva, EU Brussels, NATO Brussels, OECD Paris, UNESCO Paris, OSCE Vienna, CoE Strasbourg. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 74 |
|---|---|
| Consulates abroad | 6 |
| Foreign missions hosted | 63 |
| Multilateral missions | UN New York, UN Geneva, EU Brussels, NATO Brussels, OECD Paris, UNESCO Paris, OSCE Vienna, CoE Strasbourg |
Source: Abroad: Lowy GDI 2024 via Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_diplomatic_missions . Hosted: Consular Affairs Center in-country ranking, Jan 2026 (Helsinki 63). Multilateral rosters as for AUT.
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Coastal — 1250 km of coastline. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 98 + 17 heliports (registration prefix OH) |
| Major seaports | Helsinki, Kaskinen, Kokkola, Kotka, Kristinestad, Mantyluoto, Oulu, Pietarsaari, Pori, Rauma, Turku, Vaasa |
| Railways | 5918 km |
| Pipelines | 1,288 km gas transmission pipes, 1,976 km distribution pipes (2016) |
Helsinki Vantaa Airport (HEL) — Helsinki (Vantaa); Ivalo Airport (IVL) — Ivalo; Kittilä International Airport (KTT) — Kittilä; Kuopio Airport (KUO) — Kuopio / Siilinjärvi; Lappeenranta Airport (LPP) — Lappeenranta; Oulu Airport (OUL) — Oulu / Oulunsalo; Rovaniemi Airport (RVN) — Rovaniemi; Tampere-Pirkkala Airport (TMP) — Tampere / Pirkkala; Turku Airport (TKU) — Turku; Vaasa Airport (VAA) — Vaasa.
Showing 10 of 15 major airports.
| LNG import terminals | Hamina, Inkoo (operational 2023), Pori, Tornio Manga |
|---|
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28); theodora.com CIA mirror (CIA World Factbook Transportation section), scraped 2026-10-02
| Political system | parliamentary republic |
|---|---|
| Last election | 2023 — parliamentary; 2023-04-02; winner: Petteri Orpo (National Coalition); NCP 20.8%, 48 seats; tight 3-way race vaticannews.va |
| Next election | 2027 — parliamentary (scheduled) |
Source: constitutional schedule / public election calendar
MBB · 63 Ranked #34 of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for Finland.
