Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of Cuba: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna grade (MCB, ranked #111 of 195).
Cuba is a communist state in Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, 150 km south of Key West, Florida. The country's capital is Havana; it covers 110,860 sq km. Independence: 20 May 1902 (from US administration); 10 December 1898 (from Spain); not acknowledged by the Cuban Government as days of independence. Terrain: mostly flat to rolling plains, with rugged hills and mountains in the southeast. Climate: tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October). Population: 10.1 million (2025 estimate). Population growth: +0.60% per year. Median age: 46.2 years. Life expectancy: 80.1 years (2024 est.). Languages: Sp…
| Capital | Havana |
|---|---|
| Population | 10,059,519 (2025 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $81.165 billion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $23,700 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | -1.9% (2023 est.) |
| Inflation | 76.1% |
| Unemployment | 1.6% |
| Public debt | 42.7% of GDP (2016 est.) |
| Exports | $8.768 billion (2020 est.) |
| Imports | $8.067 billion (2020 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 80.1 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 46.2 |
| Urbanization | 77.5% of total population (2023) |
| Government | communist state |
| Independence | 20 May 1902 (from US administration); 10 December 1898 (from Spain); not acknowledged by the Cuban Government as days of independence |
| Languages | Spanish (official) |
MCB · 46/100 — The Magna grade is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — five dimensions, 100+ indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum 0 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
An uneventful quarter, recorded without embellishment: no breakthrough to celebrate, no setback to mourn.
The longer forces — demographics, trade routes, regional balances — kept doing what they do, and the country rode them steadily.
Cobalt, Nickel, Iron ore, Chromium, Copper, Salt, Timber, Oil.
Miguel Díaz-Canel — President. President Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez (since 19 April 2018)
Cuba maintains 124 embassies and 17 consulates abroad, hosts 115 foreign diplomatic missions, holds permanent missions to UN New York. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 124 |
|---|---|
| Consulates abroad | 17 |
| Foreign missions hosted | 115 |
| Multilateral missions | UN New York |
Source: Consular Affairs Center, diplomatic & consular networks database, Mar 2026 report (of-country ranking) https://zenodo.org/records/18917562 ; Jan 2026 report (in-country ranking) https://zenodo.org/records/18109976
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Coastal — 3735 km of coastline. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 120 + 4 heliports (registration prefix CU) |
| Major seaports | Antilla, Bahai de la Habana, Bahia de Sagua de Tanamo, Cabanas, Casilda, Cienfuegos, Nuevitas Bay, Puerto Guantanamo, Santiago de Cuba |
| Railways | 8367 km |
| Pipelines | 41 km gas, 230 km oil (2013) |
Abel Santamaria International Airport (SNU) — Santa Clara; Antonio Maceo International Airport (SCU) — Santiago; Frank Pais International Airport (HOG) — Holguin; Ignacio Agramonte International Airport (CMW) — Camaguey; José Martí International Airport (HAV) — Havana; Juan Gualberto Gomez International Airport (VRA) — Matanzas; Alberto Delgado Airport (TND) — Trinidad; Carlos Manuel de Cespedes Airport (BYM) — Bayamo; Gustavo Rizo Airport (BCA) — Baracoa; Hermanos Ameijeiras Airport (VTU) — Las Tunas.
Showing 10 of 15 major airports.
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28); theodora.com CIA mirror (CIA World Factbook Transportation section), scraped 2026-10-02
| Political system | one-party communist state |
|---|---|
| Next election | No election currently scheduled. |
MCB · 46 Ranked #111 of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for Cuba.
