Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of Bosnia and Herzegovina: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna Power score (39.34/100, ranked #123 of 195).
Bosnia and Herzegovina is a parliamentary republic in Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Croatia. The country's capital is Sarajevo; it covers 51,197 sq km. Independence: 1 March 1992 (from Yugoslavia). Terrain: mountains and valleys. Climate: hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast. Population: 3.7 million (2025 estimate). Population growth: +0.67% per year. Median age: 45.7 years. Life expectancy: 78.5 years (2024 est.). Languages: Bosnian (official) 52.9%, Serbian (official) 30.8%, Croatian (official) 14.6%, other 1.6%, no answer 0.2% (2013 est.) Religions: Muslim 50.7%, Orth…
| Capital | Sarajevo |
|---|---|
| Population | 3,653,499 (2025 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $64.641 billion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $20,400 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | 2.5% (2024 est.) |
| Inflation | 1.7% |
| Unemployment | 10.8% |
| Public debt | 40.3% of GDP (2023 est.) |
| Exports | $12.141 billion (2024 est.) |
| Imports | $16.202 billion (2024 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 78.5 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 45.7 |
| Urbanization | 50.3% of total population (2023) |
| Government | parliamentary republic |
| Independence | 1 March 1992 (from Yugoslavia) |
| Languages | Bosnian (official) 52.9%, Serbian (official) 30.8%, Croatian (official) 14.6%, other 1.6%, no answer 0.2% (2013 est.) |
POWER 39.34/100 — The Magna Power score is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — five dimensions, 100+ indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum 0 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
The quarter's signal was silence: no major domestic development, no external shock, no diplomatic breakthrough.
The country's course remains what it was in June — set by structural realities that no single quarter rewrites.
Coal, Iron ore, Antimony, Bauxite, Copper, Lead, Zinc, Cobalt, Manganese, Nickel, Gypsum, Salt, Timber, Hydropower.
Borjana Krišto — Chairwoman of the Council of Ministers. Chairperson of the Presidency Zeljko KOMSIC (chairperson since 16 July 2025; presidency member since 20 November 2018 - Croat seat); Denis BECIROVIC (presidency member since 16 November 2022 - Bosniak seat); Zeljka CVIJANOVIC (presidency member since 16 November 2022 - Serb seat)
Bosnia and Herzegovina maintains 43 embassies and 6 consulates abroad, hosts 45 foreign diplomatic missions, holds permanent missions to UN New York, UN Geneva, UNESCO Paris, OSCE Vienna, CoE Strasbourg. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 43 |
|---|---|
| Consulates abroad | 6 |
| Foreign missions hosted | 45 |
| Multilateral missions | UN New York, UN Geneva, UNESCO Paris, OSCE Vienna, CoE Strasbourg |
Source: Abroad: Consular Affairs Center, of-country ranking, Jan 2026 (43/6; Mar 2026 confirms 43/6), Zenodo https://zenodo.org/records/18109976/ . Hosted: Consular Affairs Center in-country ranking, Jan 2026 (Sarajevo 45). Multilateral rosters as for AUT.
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Coastal — 20 km of coastline. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 20 + 3 heliports (registration prefix T9) |
| Major seaports | Neum |
| Railways | 965 km |
| Pipelines | 147 km gas, 9 km oil (2013) |
Banja Luka International Airport (BNX) — Mahovljani; Mostar International Airport (OMO) — Mostar; Sarajevo International Airport (SJJ) — Sarajevo; Tuzla International Airport (TZL) — Dubrave Gornje.
| River ports | Bosanska Gradiska, Bosanski Brod, Bosanski Samac, Brcko, Orasje (Sava River) |
|---|
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28); theodora.com CIA mirror (CIA World Factbook Transportation section), scraped 2026-10-02
| Political system | parliamentary republic |
|---|---|
| Next election | No election currently scheduled. |
POWER 39.34/100 Ranked #123 of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Historical timeline of Bosnia and Herzegovina
