Factbook
Histoire de Ghana — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Ghana, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1957Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the first Sub-Saharan country in colonial Africa to gain its independence, with Kwame NKRUMAH as its first leader.
1957Independence: 6 March 1957 (from the UK).
1981Jerry RAWLINGS took power in 1981 and banned political parties.
1992After approving a new constitution and restoring multiparty politics in 1992, RAWLINGS won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996 but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000.
2004John KUFUOR of the opposition New Patriotic Party (NPP) succeeded him and was reelected in 2004.
2008John Atta MILLS of the National Democratic Congress won the 2008 presidential election and took over as head of state.
2010Languages: Asante 16%, Ewe 14%, Fante 11.6%, Boron (Brong) 4.9%, Dagomba 4.4%, Dangme 4.2%, Dagarte (Dagaba) 3.9%, Kokomba 3.5%, Akyem 3.2%, Ga 3.1%, other 31.2% (2010 est.) Religions: Christian 71.3% (Pentecostal/Charismatic 31.6%, Protestant 17.4%, Catholic 10%, other 12.3%), Muslim 19.9%, traditionalist 3.2%, other 4.5%, none 1.1% (2021 est.) Urban population: 59.2% of total population (2023).
2012MILLS died in 2012 and was constitutionally succeeded by his vice president, John Dramani MAHAMA, who subsequently won the 2012 presidential election.
2016In 2016, Nana Addo Dankwa AKUFO-ADDO of the NPP defeated MAHAMA, marking the third time that Ghana’s presidency had changed parties since the return to democracy.
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 61.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 37.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) Energy use: 10.493 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Industries: mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing, cement, small commercial ship building, petroleum Agriculture: cassava, yams, plantains, maize, oil palm fruit, taro, rice, oranges, pineapples, cocoa beans (2023) Electricity access: 85.1% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 3.768 million Kumasi, 2.660 million ACCRA (capital), 1.078 million Sekondi Takoradi (2023) West African lower-middle income economy; major gold, oil and cocoa exporter; macroeconomic challenges following nearly four decades of sustained growth; recent progress in debt restructuring, fiscal reforms, financial stability, and curbing runaway inflation under 2023-26 IMF credit facility program Inflation: 22.8% (2024 est.).
2024Military spending: 0.4% of GDP (2024 est.).
2025Population: 35.3 million (2025 estimate).
