Factbook
Histoire de Éthiopie — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Éthiopie, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1855to 1855, when the Amhara kingdoms of northern Ethiopia united in an empire under Tewodros II.
1896Many Ethiopians still speak reverently about the Battle of Adwa in 1896, when they defeated Italian forces and won their freedom from colonial rule.
1935Emperor Haile SELASSIE became an internationally renowned figure in 1935, when he unsuccessfully appealed to the League of Nations to prevent Italy from occupying Ethiopia from 1936 to 1941.
1960SELASSIE survived an attempted coup in 1960, annexed modern-day Eritrea in 1962, and played a leading role in establishing the Organization of African Unity in 1963.
1974However, in 1974, a military junta called the Derg deposed him and established a socialist state.
1991The EPRDF became an ethno-federalist political coalition that ruled Ethiopia from 1991 until its dissolution in 2019.
1991Torn by bloody coups, uprisings, drought, and massive displacement, the Derg regime was toppled in 1991 by a coalition of opposing forces, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF).
1994Ethiopia adopted its constitution in 1994 and held its first multiparty elections in 1995.
2000A two-and-a-half-year border war with Eritrea in the late 1990s ended with a peace treaty in 2000.
2007Ethiopia subsequently rejected the 2007 Eritrea-Ethiopia Boundary Commission demarcation.
2012In 2012, longtime Prime Minister MELES Zenawi died in office and was replaced by his Deputy Prime Minister HAILEMARIAM Desalegn, marking the first peaceful transition of power in decades.
2015Following a wave of popular dissent and anti-government protest that began in 2015, HAILEMARIAM resigned in 2018, and ABIY Ahmed Ali took office the same year as Ethiopia's first ethnic Oromo prime minister.
2016Languages: Oromo (official regional working language) 33.8%, Amharic (official national language) 29.3%, Somali (official regional working language) 6.2%, Tigrigna (Tigrinya) (official regional working language) 5.9%, Sidamo 4%, Wolaytta 2.2%, Gurage 2%, Afar (official regional working lang Religions: Ethiopian Orthodox 43.8%, Muslim 31.3%, Protestant 22.8%, Catholic 0.7%, traditional 0.6%, other 0.8% (2016 est.) Urban population: 23.2% of total population (2023).
2018In 2018, ABIY promoted a rapprochement between Ethiopia and Eritrea that was marked with a peace agreement and a reopening of their shared border.
2019In 2019, Ethiopia's nearly 30-year ethnic-based ruling coalition, the EPRDF, merged into a single unity party called the Prosperity Party; however, the lead coalition party, the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), declined to join.
2020In 2020, a military conflict erupted between forces aligned with the TPLF and the Ethiopian military.
2022The conflict -- which was marked by atrocities committed by all parties -- ended in 2022 with a cessation of hostilities agreement between the TPLF and the Ethiopian Government.
2023Generation mix — solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 3.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 96.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); geothermal: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) Energy use: 2.366 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Industries: food processing, beverages, textiles, leather, garments, chemicals, metals processing, cement Agriculture: maize, cereals, wheat, milk, sorghum, barley, taro, beans, sweet potatoes, potatoes (2023) Electricity access: 55% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 5.461 million ADDIS ABABA (capital) (2023) low-income, fast-growing Horn of Africa economy; widespread poverty and food insecurity worsened by conflict and environmental factors; landlocked with tensions over seaport access; development aid supporting reforms to boost private-sector growth and financial stability; challenge of creating jobs for growing labor force Inflation: 21% (2024 est.).
2024Military spending: 0.7% of GDP (2024 est.).
2025Population: 121.4 million (2025 estimate).
