Factbook
Histoire de Cuba — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Cuba, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1492The native Amerindian population of Cuba began to decline after the arrival of Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492, as the country was developed as a Spanish colony during the next several centuries.
1898The Treaty of Paris established Cuban independence from Spain in 1898, and after three-and-a-half years of subsequent US military rule, Cuba became an independent republic in 1902.
1898US intervention during the Spanish-American War in 1898 assisted the Cubans in overthrowing Spanish rule.
1902Independence: 20 May 1902 (from US administration); 10 December 1898 (from Spain); not acknowledged by the Cuban Government as days of independence.
1959Fidel CASTRO led a rebel army to victory in 1959; his authoritarian rule held the subsequent regime together for nearly five decades.
1961Cuba traditionally and consistently portrays the US embargo, in place since 1961, as the source of its socioeconomic difficulties.
2008He handed off the presidency to his younger brother Raul CASTRO in 2008.
2014As a result of efforts begun in 2014 to reestablish diplomatic relations, the US and Cuba reopened embassies in their respective countries in 2015.
2016Irregular Cuban maritime migration has dropped significantly since 2016, when migrant interdictions at sea topped 5,000, but land border crossings continue.
2017In 2017, the US and Cuba signed a Joint Statement ending the so-called "wet-foot, dry-foot" policy, by which Cuban nationals who reached US soil were permitted to stay.
2018Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez, hand-picked by Raul CASTRO to succeed him, was approved as president by the National Assembly and took office in 2018.
2020Languages: Spanish (official) Religions: Christian 58.9%, folk religion 17.6%, Buddhist <1%, Hindu <1%, Jewish <1%, Muslim <1%, other <1%, none 23.2% (2020 est.) Urban population: 77.5% of total population (2023).
2020Military spending: 4.2% of GDP (2020 est.).
2021DIAZ-CANEL was appointed First Secretary of the Communist Party in 2021 after the retirement of Raul CASTRO and continues to serve as both president and first secretary.
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 95.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 1.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 0.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) Energy use: 26.07 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Industries: petroleum, nickel, cobalt, pharmaceuticals, tobacco, construction, steel, cement, agricultural machinery, sugar Agriculture: sugarcane, cassava, plantains, vegetables, mangoes/guavas, milk, tomatoes, pumpkins/squash, sweet potatoes, bananas (2023) Electricity access: 100% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 2.149 million HAVANA (capital) (2023) still largely state-run planned economy, although privatization increasing under new constitution; widespread protests due to lack of basic necessities and electricity; massive foreign investment increases recently; known tobacco exporter; unique oil-for-doctors relationship with Venezuela; widespread corruption Inflation: 76.1% (2022 est.).
2025Population: 10.1 million (2025 estimate).
