Factbook
Histoire de Zambie — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Zambie, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1911The companies eventually claimed control of the region and incorporated it as the protectorate of Northern Rhodesia in 1911.
1924The UK took over administrative control from the British South Africa Company in 1924.
1964Independence: 24 October 1964 (from the UK).
1964Northern Rhodesia’s name was changed to Zambia upon independence from the UK in 1964, under independence leader and first President Kenneth KAUNDA.
1991Elections in 1991 brought an end to one-party rule and propelled the Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD) into power.
1996The subsequent vote in 1996, however, saw increasing harassment of opposition parties and abuse of state media and other resources.
2001Administrative problems marked the election in 2001, with three parties filing a legal petition challenging the election of ruling party candidate Levy MWANAWASA.
2006MWANAWASA was reelected in 2006 in an election that was deemed free and fair.
2008Upon his death in 2008, he was succeeded by his vice president, Rupiah BANDA, who won a special presidential byelection later that year.
2010Languages: Bemba 33.4%, Nyanja 14.7%, Tonga 11.4%, Lozi 5.5%, Chewa 4.5%, Nsenga 2.9%, Tumbuka 2.5%, Lunda (North Western) 1.9%, Kaonde 1.8%, Lala 1.8%, Lamba 1.8%, English (official) 1.7%, Luvale 1.5%, Mambwe 1.3%, Namwanga 1.2%, Lenje 1.1%, Bisa 1%, other 9.7%, unspecified 0.2% (2010 est.
2010Religions: Protestant 75.3%, Roman Catholic 20.2%, other 2.7% (includes Muslim, Buddhist, Hindu, and Baha'i), none 1.8% (2010 est.) Urban population: 46.3% of total population (2023).
2011BANDA and the MMD lost to Michael SATA and the Patriotic Front (PF) in the 2011 general elections.
2014SATA died in 2014 and was succeeded by his vice president, Guy SCOTT, who served as interim president until 2015, when Edgar LUNGU won the presidential byelection and completed SATA's term.
2016LUNGU then won a full term in the 2016 presidential elections.
2021Hakainde HICHILEMA was elected president in 2021.
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 11% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 0.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 87.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) Energy use: 8.265 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Industries: copper mining and processing, emerald mining, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, fertilizer, horticulture Agriculture: sugarcane, cassava, maize, soybeans, milk, vegetables, wheat, groundnuts, sweet potatoes, beef (2023) Electricity access: 47.8% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 3.181 million LUSAKA (capital), 763,000 Kitwe (2023) lower-middle-income sub-Saharan economy; regional hydroelectricity producer; trade ties and infrastructure investments from China; IMF assistance to restructure debt burden; one of youngest and fastest-growing labor forces; systemic corruption; extreme rural poverty Inflation: 15% (2024 est.).
2024Military spending: 1.3% of GDP (2024 est.).
2025Population: 22.0 million (2025 estimate).
