Factbook
Histoire de Vietnam — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Vietnam, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1802Dai Viet suffered additional civil war and division in the latter half of the 18th century, but it was reunited and renamed Vietnam under Emperor NGUYEN Phuc Anh (aka Gia Long) in 1802.
1858France began its conquest of Vietnam in 1858 and made Vietnam part of French Indochina in 1887.
1945Independence: 2 September 1945 (from France).
1954Under the Geneva Accords of 1954, Vietnam was divided into the communist North and anti-communist South.
1954Vietnam declared independence after World War II, but the French continued to rule until communist forces under Ho Chi MINH defeated them in 1954.
1955The conflict, known as the Second Indochina War (1955-1975), devastated Vietnam, spilled over into the neighboring countries of Cambodia and Laos, and is estimated to have resulted in the deaths of up to 3 million Vietnamese civilians and soldiers.
1968The US provided to the South significant economic and military assistance, including large numbers of US military forces, which reached a peak strength of over 500,000 troops in 1968.
1973US combat forces were withdrawn following a cease-fire agreement in 1973.
1986However, since the enactment of Vietnam's "doi moi" (renovation) policy in 1986, the economy has seen strong growth, particularly in agricultural and industrial production, construction, exports, foreign investment, and tourism.
2019Languages: Vietnamese (official); English (often as a second language); some French, Chinese, and Khmer; mountain-area languages (including Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian) Religions: Catholic 6.1%, Buddhist 5.8%, Protestant 1%, other 0.8%, none 86.3% (2019 est.) Urban population: 39.5% of total population (2023).
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 50.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 9.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 4.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 34.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) Energy use: 40.263 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Industries: food processing, garments, shoes, machine-building; mining, coal, steel; cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires, oil, mobile phones Agriculture: rice, vegetables, sugarcane, cassava, maize, pork, fruits, bananas, coconuts, coffee (2023) Electricity access: 100% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 9.321 million Ho Chi Minh City, 5.253 million HANOI (capital), 1.865 million Can Tho, 1.423 million Hai Phong, 1.221 million Da Nang, 1.111 million Bien Hoa (2023) lower middle-income socialist East Asian economy; rapid economic growth since Đổi Mới reforms; strong investment and productivity growth; tourism and manufacturing hub; TPP signatory; declining poverty aside from ethnic minorities; systemic corruption Inflation: 3.6% (2024 est.).
2023Military spending: 1.8% of GDP (2023 est.).
2025Population: 106.7 million (2025 estimate).
