Factbook
Histoire de Royaume-Uni — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Royaume-Uni, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1707The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was created when the Kingdoms of England and Scotland -- which previously had been distinct states under a single monarchy -- were joined under the 1707 Acts of Union.
1800The island of Ireland was incorporated under the 1800 Acts of Union, while Wales had been part of the Kingdom of England since the 16th century.
1973The UK was an active member of the EU after its accession in 1973, although it chose to remain outside the Economic and Monetary Union.
1998The devolved Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, and the Northern Ireland Assembly were established in 1998.
2011Languages: English Religions: Christian (includes Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist) 59.5%, Muslim 4.4%, Hindu 1.3%, other 2%, unspecified 7.2%, none 25.7% (2011 est.) Urban population: 84.6% of total population (2023).
2016However, motivated in part by frustration at a remote bureaucracy in Brussels and massive migration into the country, UK citizens in 2016 voted by 52 to 48 percent to leave the EU.
2020On 31 January 2020, the UK became the only country to depart the EU -- a move known as "Brexit" -- after prolonged negotiations on EU-UK economic and security relationships.
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 36.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); nuclear: 13.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 4.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 30.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 1.7% of total insta Energy use: 94.28 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Industries: machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and paper products, food processing, textil Agriculture: milk, wheat, sugar beets, barley, potatoes, chicken, rapeseed, pork, beef, oats (2023) Electricity access: 100% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 9.648 million LONDON (capital), 2.791 million Manchester, 2.665 million Birmingham, 1.929 million West Yorkshire, 1.698 million Glasgow, 952,000 Southampton/Portsmouth (2023) high-income, non-EU European economy; global financial center and dominant service sector; sluggish growth from stringent monetary policy, reduced business investment, low productivity and participation rates; fiscal austerity in face of high public debt Inflation: 3.3% (2024 est.).
2025Military spending: 2.4% of GDP (2025 est.).
2025Population: 68.8 million (2025 estimate).
