Factbook
Histoire de Tanzanie — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Tanzanie, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1498A number of independent coastal and island trading posts in what is now Tanzania came under Portuguese control after 1498 when they began to take control of much of the coast and Indian Ocean trade.
1700By 1700, the Sultanate of Oman had become the dominant power in the region after ousting the Portuguese, who were also facing a series of local uprisings.
1856Zanzibar briefly became the capital of the Sultanate of Oman before it split into separate Omani and Zanzibar Sultanates in 1856.
1961Tanganyika gained independence from Great Britain in 1961, and Zanzibar followed in 1963 as a constitutional monarchy.
1964In 1964, a popular uprising overthrew the Sultan in Zanzibar and either killed or expelled many of the Arabs and Indians who had dominated the isles for more than 200 years.
1964Independence: 26 April 1964 (Tanganyika united with Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar); 29 October 1964 (renamed United Republic of Tanzania); notable earlier dates: 9 December 1961 (Tanganyika became independent from UK-administered UN trusteeship); 10 December 1963 (Zanzibar became independent from UK).
1977Their two ruling parties combined to form the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) party in 1977, which has since won every presidential election.
1995Tanzania held its first multi-party elections in 1995, but CCM candidates have continued to dominate politics.
1995The ruling party has claimed victory in four contentious elections since 1995, despite international observers' claims of voting irregularities.
2001In 2001, 35 people died in Zanzibar when soldiers fired on protestors.
2015John MAGUFULI won the 2015 and 2020 presidential elections, and the CCM won over two-thirds of the seats in Parliament in both elections.
2018Major urban areas: 262,000 Dodoma (legislative capital) (2018), 7.776 million DAR ES SALAAM (administrative capital), 1.311 million Mwanza, 800,000 Zanzibar (2023) emerging lower middle-income East African economy; resource-rich and growing tourism; strong post-pandemic recovery from hospitality, electricity, mining, and transit sectors; declining poverty; stable inflation; gender-based violence economic and labor force disruptions Inflation: 3.1% (2024 est.).
2020Languages: Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic, many local languages Religions: Christian 63.1%, Muslim 34.1%, folk religion 1.1%, Buddhist <1%, Hindu <1%, Jewish <1%, other <1%, unspecified 1.6% (2020 est.) Urban population: 37.4% of total population (2023).
2021MAGUFULI died in 2021 while in office and was succeeded by his vice president, Samia Suluhu HASSAN.
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 74.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 24.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) Energy use: 4.091 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Industries: agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine); mining (diamonds, gold, and iron), salt, soda ash; cement, oil refining, shoes, apparel, wood products, fertilizer Agriculture: maize, cassava, sweet potatoes, bananas, milk, sugarcane, rice, vegetables, beans, sunflower seeds (2023) Electricity access: 45.8% (2022 est.).
2024Military spending: 1.3% of GDP (2024 est.).
2025Population: 69.1 million (2025 estimate).
