Factbook
Histoire de Tadjikistan — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Tadjikistan, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1917The Tajik people came under Russian imperial rule in the 1860s and 1870s, but Russia's hold on Central Asia weakened following the Revolution of 1917.
1924Tajikistan was first established as an autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic in 1924, but in 1929 the Soviet Union made Tajikistan as a separate republic and transferred to it much of present-day Sughd Province.
1925At that time, bands of indigenous guerrillas (known as "basmachi") fiercely contested Bolshevik control of the area, which was not fully reestablished until 1925.
1991Independence: 9 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union).
1991Tajikistan became independent in 1991 after the breakup of the Soviet Union, and the country experienced a civil war among political, regional, and religious factions from 1992 to 1997.
1992President Emomali RAHMON, who came to power in 1992 during the civil war and was first elected president in 1994, used an attack planned by a disaffected deputy defense minister in 2015 to ban the last major opposition party in Tajikistan.
2010Languages: Tajik (official) 84.4%, Uzbek 11.9%, Kyrgyz 0.8%, Russian 0.5%, other 2.4% (2010 est.) Religions: Muslim 98% (Sunni 95%, Shia 3%) other 2% (2014 est.) Urban population: 28.2% of total population (2023).
2010Tajikistan has endured several domestic security incidents since 2010, including armed conflict between government forces and local strongmen in the Rasht Valley and between government forces and informal leaders in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast.
2013Tajikistan became a member of the WTO in 2013, but its economy continues to face major challenges, including dependence on remittances from Tajikistani migrant laborers in Russia and Kazakhstan, pervasive corruption, the opiate trade, and destabilizing violence emanating from neighboring Afghanistan.
2018Tajikistan suffered its first ISIS-claimed attack in 2018, when assailants attacked a group of Western bicyclists, killing four.
2020RAHMON orchestrated EMOMALI's selection in 2020 as chairman of the Majlisi Milli (the upper chamber of Tajikistan's parliament), positioning EMOMALI as next in line of succession for the presidency.
2020The referendum also lowered the minimum age required to run for president from 35 to 30, which made RAHMON's first-born son Rustam EMOMALI, the mayor of the capital city of Dushanbe, eligible to run for president in 2020.
2021Friction between forces on the border between Tajikistan and the Kyrgyz Republic flared up in 2021, culminating in fatal clashes between border forces in 2021 and 2022.
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 7.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 92.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) Energy use: 16.192 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Industries: aluminum, cement, coal, gold, silver, antimony, textile, vegetable oil Agriculture: potatoes, milk, wheat, watermelons, onions, tomatoes, carrots/turnips, cotton, vegetables, grapes (2023) Electricity access: 100% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 987,000 DUSHANBE (capital) (2023) lower-middle-income Central Asian economy; large infrastructure projects, including Rogun Dam, and a push towards green development and digitalization driving growth; strong metal mining, electricity, and manufacturing industries; challenges include land scarcity, climate vulnerability, and complex bureaucratic processes for investors Inflation: 7.7% (2019 est.).
2024Military spending: 1.8% of GDP (2024 est.).
2025Population: 10.6 million (2025 estimate).
