Factbook
Histoire de Suisse — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Suisse, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1499The Swiss Confederation secured its independence from the Holy Roman Empire in 1499.
1848A constitution of 1848, which was modified in 1874 to allow voters to introduce referenda on proposed laws, replaced the confederation with a centralized federal government.
2002However, the country did not officially become a UN member until 2002.
2019Languages: German (or Swiss German) (official) 62.1%, French (official) 22.8%, Italian (official) 8%, English 5.7%, Portuguese 3.5%, Albanian 3.3%, Serbo-Croatian 2.3%, Spanish 2.3%, Romansh (official) 0.5%, other 7.9% (2019 est.) Religions: Roman Catholic 34.4%, Protestant 22.5%, other Christian 5.7%, Muslim 5.4%, other 1.5%, none 29.4%, unspecified 1.1% (2020 est.) Urban population: 74.2% of total population (2023).
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); nuclear: 34.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 6.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 53% of total installe Energy use: 99.578 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Industries: machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision instruments, tourism, banking, insurance, pharmaceuticals Agriculture: milk, sugar beets, wheat, potatoes, pork, apples, barley, beef, maize, grapes (2023) Electricity access: 100% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 1.432 million Zurich, 441,000 BERN (capital) (2023) high-income, non-EU European economy; top ten in GDP per capita; renowned banking and financial hub; low unemployment and inflation; slowed GDP growth post-pandemic; highly skilled but aging workforce; key pharmaceutical and precision manufacturing exporter; leader in innovation and competitiveness indices Inflation: 1.1% (2024 est.).
2024Military spending: 0.7% of GDP (2024 est.).
