Factbook
Histoire de Espagne — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Espagne, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1936Spain remained neutral during both World Wars but suffered through a devastating civil war (1936-39) resulting in a dictatorship.
1975A peaceful transition to democracy after the death of dictator Francisco FRANCO in 1975 and rapid economic modernization after Spain joined the EU in 1986 gave Spain a dynamic and rapidly growing economy.
2008After a severe recession in the wake of the global financial crisis in 2008, Spain has posted solid years of GDP growth above the EU average.
2021Languages: Castilian Spanish (official) 74%, Catalan (official in Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and the Valencian Community) 17%, Galician (official in Galicia) 7%, Basque (official in the Basque Country and Navarre) 2%, Aranese (official in part of Catalonia) <5,000 speakers Religions: Roman Catholic 58.2%, atheist 16.2%, agnostic 10.8%, other 2.7%, non-believer 10.5%, unspecified 1.7% (2021 est.) Urban population: 81.6% of total population (2023).
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 28% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); nuclear: 20.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 17.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 23.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 8.5% of total instal Energy use: 101.12 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Industries: textiles and apparel (including footwear), food and beverages, metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, machine tools, tourism, clay and refractory products, footwear, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment Agriculture: milk, olives, pork, grapes, wheat, tomatoes, barley, sugar beets, maize, oranges (2023) Electricity access: 100% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 6.751 million MADRID (capital), 5.687 million Barcelona, 838,000 Valencia (2023) high-income, core-EU and eurozone economy; strong growth driven by public consumption, tourism, and other service exports; tight labor market despite high structural unemployment; efforts to narrow persistent fiscal deficits through tax and spending measures; high but declining unemployment supported by job growth and immigration Inflation: 2.8% (2024 est.).
2024Population: 47.3 million (2024 estimate).
2025Military spending: 2% of GDP (2025 est.).
