Factbook
Histoire de Serbie — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Serbie, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1918In 1918, the Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes formed a kingdom known after 1929 as Yugoslavia.
1945The monarchy remained in power until 1945, when the communist Partisans headed by Josip Broz (aka TITO) took control of the newly created Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY).
1980After TITO died in 1980, communism in Yugoslavia gradually gave way to resurgent nationalism.
1989In 1989, Slobodan MILOSEVIC became president of the Republic of Serbia, and his calls for Serbian domination led to the violent breakup of Yugoslavia along ethnic lines.
1991In 1991, Croatia, Slovenia, and Macedonia declared independence, followed by Bosnia in 1992.
1992The remaining republics of Serbia and Montenegro declared a new Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) in 1992, and MILOSEVIC led military campaigns to unite ethnic Serbs in neighboring republics into a "Greater Serbia." These actions ultimately failed, and international intervention led to the signing of the Dayton Accords in 1995.
1998In 1998, an ethnic Albanian insurgency in the formerly autonomous Serbian province of Kosovo resulted in a brutal Serbian counterinsurgency campaign.
1999Serbia rejected a proposed international settlement, and NATO responded with a bombing campaign that forced Serbian forces to withdraw from Kosovo in June 1999.
2003In 2003, the FRY became the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro, a loose federation of the two republics.
2006In 2006, Montenegro seceded and declared itself an independent nation.
2006Independence: 5 June 2006 (from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro); notable earlier dates: 1217 (Serbian Kingdom established); 16 April 1346 (Serbian Empire established); 13 July 1878 (Congress of Berlin recognizes Serbian independence); 1 December 1918 (Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes established, later known as Yugoslavia).
2008In 2008, Kosovo also declared independence -- an action Serbia still refuses to recognize.
2011Languages: Serbian (official) 88.1%, Hungarian 3.4%, Bosnian 1.9%, Romani 1.4%, other 3.4%, undeclared or unknown 1.8% (2011 est.) Religions: Serbian Orthodox 81.1%, unknown 5.3%, Islam 4.2%, Catholic 3.9%, no response 2.5%, atheist 1.1%; less than 1%: other Christians, Protestant, agnostic (2022) Urban population: 57.1% of total population (2023).
2012Serbia has been an official candidate for EU membership since 2012, and President Aleksandar VUCIC has promoted the ambitious goal of Serbia joining the EU by 2025.
2013In 2013, Serbia and Kosovo signed the first agreement of principles governing the normalization of relations between the two countries.
2015Additional agreements were reached in 2015 and 2023, but implementation remains incomplete.
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 65.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 2.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 30.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) Energy use: 91.884 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Industries: automobiles, base metals, furniture, food processing, machinery, chemicals, sugar, tires, clothes, pharmaceuticals Agriculture: maize, wheat, sugar beets, milk, sunflower seeds, soybeans, potatoes, barley, apples, plums (2023) Electricity access: 100% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 1.408 million BELGRADE (capital) (2023) upper middle-income Balkan economy; current EU accession candidate; hit by COVID-19; pursuing green growth development; manageable public debt; new anticorruption efforts; falling unemployment; historic Russian relations; energy import-dependent Inflation: 4.7% (2024 est.).
2024Military spending: 2.5% of GDP (2024 est.).
