Factbook
Histoire de Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1884In 1884, Germany declared a protectorate -- and eventually a colony -- over the northern part of what would become PNG and named it German New Guinea; days later the UK followed suit on the southern part and nearby islands and called it Papua.
1902The UK put its colony under Australian administration in 1902 and formalized the act in 1906.
1942The New Guinea campaign of World War II lasted from January 1942 to the Japanese surrender in August 1945.
1975In 1975, PNG gained independence and became a member of the Commonwealth.
1975Independence: 16 September 1975 (from the Australia-administered UN trusteeship).
1988Between 1988-1997, a secessionist movement on the island province of Bougainville, located off the eastern PNG coast, fought the PNG Government, resulting in 15,000-20,000 deaths.
1997In 1997, the PNG Government and Bougainville leaders reached a cease-fire and subsequently signed a peace agreement in 2001.
2005The Autonomous Bougainville Government was formally established in 2005.
2011Languages: Tok Pisin (official), English (official), Hiri Motu (official), some 839 living indigenous languages are spoken (about 12% of the world's total) Religions: Protestant 64.3% (Evangelical Lutheran 18.4%, Seventh Day Adventist 12.9%, Pentecostal 10.4%, United Church 10.3%, Evangelical Alliance 5.9%, Anglican 3.2%, Baptist 2.8%, Salvation Army 0.4%), Roman Catholic 26%, other Christian 5.3%, non-Christian 1.4%, unspecified 3.1% (2011 es Urban population: 13.7% of total population (2023).
2019Bougainvilleans voted in favor of independence in a 2019 non-binding referendum.
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 76.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 21.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); geothermal: 2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) Energy use: 8.781 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Industries: oil and gas; mining (gold, copper, and nickel); palm oil processing; plywood and wood chip production; copra crushing; construction; tourism; fishing; livestock (pork, poultry, cattle) and dairy farming; spice products (turmeric, vanilla, ginger, cardamom, chi Agriculture: oil palm fruit, coconuts, bananas, fruits, sweet potatoes, game meat, yams, root vegetables, vegetables, sugarcane (2023) Electricity access: 19% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 410,000 PORT MORESBY (capital) (2023) lower-middle-income Pacific island economy; primarily informal agrarian sector; natural-resource-rich and key exporter of liquified natural gas; collapse in betel nut prices, tighter monetary policy, and improved foreign-exchange availability contributing to declining inflation; challenges include lack of progress in infrastructure, agricultural reform, and corruption Inflation: 0.6% (2024 est.).
2024Military spending: 0.3% of GDP (2024 est.).
2025Population: 10.3 million (2025 estimate).
