Factbook
Histoire de Népal — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Népal, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1768Independence: 1768 (unified by Prithvi Narayan SHAH).
1814Nepal retained its independence after the Anglo-Nepalese War of 1814-16, and the subsequent peace treaty laid the foundations for two centuries of amicable relations between Britain and Nepal.
1951In 1951, the Nepali monarch ended the century-old system of hereditary rule and instituted a cabinet system that brought political parties into the government.
1960That arrangement lasted until 1960, when political parties were again banned, but it was reinstated in 1990 with the establishment of a multiparty democracy within the framework of a constitutional monarchy.
1996A Maoist-led insurgency broke out in 1996.
2001In 2001, Crown Prince DIPENDRA first massacred the royal family and then shot himself.
2006A peace accord in 2006 led to the promulgation of an interim constitution in 2007.
2008After a nationwide Constituent Assembly (CA) election in 2008, the newly formed CA declared Nepal a federal democratic republic, abolished the monarchy, and elected the country's first president.
2013An interim government held elections in 2013, in which the Nepali Congress (NC) won the largest share of seats.
2014In 2014, NC formed a coalition government with the second-place Communist Party of Nepal-Unified Marxist-Leninist (UML).
2015Nepal's new constitution came into effect in 2015, at which point the CA became the Parliament and Khagda Prasad Sharma OLI the first post-constitution prime minister (2015-16).
2017The parties headed by OLI and DAHAL ran in coalition and swept the parliamentary elections in 2017, and OLI was sworn in as prime minister in 2018.
2021Languages: Nepali (official) 44.9%, Maithali 11.1%, Bhojpuri 6.2%, Tharu 5.9%, Tamang 4.9%, Bajjika 3.9%, Avadhi 3%, Nepalbhasha (Newari) 3%, Magar Dhut 2.8%, Doteli 1.7%, Urdu 1.4%, Yakthung/Limbu 1.2%, Gurung 1.1%, other 8.9% (2021 est.) Religions: Hindu 81.2%, Buddhist 8.2%, Muslim 5.1%, Kirat 3.2%, Christian 1.8%; less than 1%: Prakriti, Bon, Jains, Sikh (2021 est.) Urban population: 21.9% of total population (2023).
2021OLI's efforts to dissolve parliament and hold elections were declared unconstitutional in 2021, and the opposition-supported NC leader Sher Bahadur DEUBA was named prime minister.
2022The NC won a majority of seats in the parliamentary elections in 2022, but DAHAL then broke with the ruling coalition and partnered with OLI and the CPN-UML to become prime minister.
2023Generation mix — solar: 1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 99% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) Energy use: 6.604 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023In early 2023, DAHAL survived a vote of confidence and formed a coalition with the NC to remain prime minister.
2023Industries: tourism, carpets, textiles, small rice, jute, sugar, oilseed mills, cigarettes, cement and brick production Agriculture: rice, vegetables, potatoes, sugarcane, maize, wheat, bison milk, milk, mangoes/guavas, bananas (2023) Electricity access: 91.3% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 1.571 million KATHMANDU (capital) (2023) low-income South Asian economy; post-conflict fiscal federalism increasing stability; COVID-19 hurt trade and tourism; widening current account deficits; environmentally fragile economy from earthquakes; growing Chinese relations and investments Inflation: 7.1% (2023 est.).
2024Military spending: 1% of GDP (2024 est.).
2025Population: 31.3 million (2025 estimate).
