Factbook
Histoire de Namibie — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Namibie, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1884Various ethnic groups occupied southwestern Africa prior to Germany establishing a colony over most of the territory in 1884.
1915South Africa occupied the colony, then known as German South West Africa, in 1915 during World War I and administered it as a mandate until after World War II, when it annexed the territory.
1966In 1966, the Marxist South-West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) guerrilla group launched a war of independence for the area that became Namibia, but it was not until 1988 that South Africa agreed to end its administration in accordance with a UN peace plan for the entire region.
1990Independence: 21 March 1990 (from South African mandate).
1990Namibia gained independence in 1990, and SWAPO has governed it since, although the party has dropped much of its Marxist ideology.
2014President Hage GEINGOB was elected in 2014 in a landslide victory, replacing Hifikepunye POHAMBA, who stepped down after serving two terms.
2014SWAPO retained its parliamentary super majority in the 2014 elections.
2016Languages: Oshiwambo languages 49.7%, Nama/Damara 11%, Kavango languages 10.4%, Afrikaans 9.4%, Herero languages 9.2%, Zambezi languages 4.9%, English (official) 2.3%, other African languages 1.5%, other European languages 0.7%, other 1% (2016 est.) Religions: Christian 97.5%, other 0.6% (includes Muslim, Baha'i, Jewish, Buddhist), unaffiliated 1.9% (2020 est.) Urban population: 54.9% of total population (2023).
2019In 2019 elections, GEINGOB was reelected but by a substantially reduced majority, and SWAPO narrowly lost its super majority in parliament.
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 1.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 26.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 1.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 70% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) Energy use: 21.734 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Industries: mining, tourism, fishing, agriculture Agriculture: root vegetables, milk, maize, beef, grapes, onions, wheat, fruits, pulses, vegetables (2023) Electricity access: 56.2% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 477,000 WINDHOEK (capital) (2023) upper middle-income, export-driven Sub-Saharan economy; natural resource rich; Walvis Bay port expansion for trade; high potential for renewable power generation and energy independence; major nature-based tourist locale; natural resource rich; shortage of skilled labor Inflation: 4.2% (2024 est.).
2024Military spending: 2.8% of GDP (2024 est.).
