Factbook
Histoire de Mozambique — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Mozambique, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1500The Portuguese were able to wrest much of the coastal trade from Arab Muslims in the centuries after 1500, and they set up their own colonies.
1975Independence: 25 June 1975 (from Portugal).
1975Portugal did not relinquish Mozambique until 1975.
1989The ruling Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) party formally abandoned Marxism in 1989, and a new constitution the following year provided for multiparty elections and a free-market economy.
1992A UN-negotiated peace agreement between FRELIMO and rebel Mozambique National Resistance (RENAMO) forces ended the fighting in 1992.
2004In 2004, Mozambique underwent a delicate transition as Joaquim CHISSANO stepped down after 18 years in office.
2012RENAMO’s residual armed forces intermittently engaged in a low-level insurgency after 2012, but a 2016 cease-fire eventually led to the two sides signing a comprehensive peace deal in 2019.
2015His elected successor, Armando GUEBUZA, served two terms and then passed executive power to Filipe NYUSI in 2015.
2017Languages: Makhuwa 26.1%, Portuguese (official) 16.6%, Tsonga 8.6%, Nyanja 8.1, Sena 7.1%, Lomwe 7.1%, Chuwabo 4.7%, Ndau 3.8%, Tswa 3.8%, other Mozambican languages 11.8%, other 0.5%, unspecified 1.8% (2017 est.) Religions: Catholic 27.3%, Islam 19.1%, Pentecostal 16.7%, Saio/Zione 16.3%, no religion 13.5%, other 4.3%, Anglican 1.7%, unknown 1.2% (2017 est.) Urban population: 38.8% of total population (2023).
2017Since 2017, violent extremists -- who an official ISIS media outlet recognized as ISIS's network in Mozambique for the first time in 2019 -- have been conducting attacks against civilians and security services in the northern province of Cabo Delgado.
2021In 2021, Rwanda and the Southern African Development Community deployed forces to support Mozambique’s efforts to counter the extremist group.
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 16.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 82.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) Energy use: 5.789 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Industries: aluminum, petroleum products, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco, food, beverages Agriculture: cassava, maize, sugarcane, tomatoes, beans, potatoes, sweet potatoes, bananas, coconuts, onions (2023) Electricity access: 33.2% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 1.852 million Matola, 1.163 million MAPUTO (capital), 969,000 Nampula (2023) low-income East African economy; subsistence farming dominates labor force; return to growth led by agriculture and extractive industries; Islamist insurgency threatens natural gas projects in north; ongoing foreign debt restructuring and resolution under IMF Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative Inflation: 4.1% (2024 est.).
2024Military spending: 2% of GDP (2024 est.).
2025Population: 34.2 million (2025 estimate).
