Factbook
Histoire de Lituanie — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Lituanie, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1569In 1569, Lithuania and Poland formally united into a single dual state, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1795This entity survived until 1795 when surrounding countries partitioned its remnants.
1918Independence: 16 February 1918 (from Soviet Russia and Germany); 11 March 1990 (declared from the Soviet Union); 6 September 1991 (recognized by the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: 6 July 1253 (coronation of MINDAUGAS, traditional founding date); 1 July 1569 (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth created).
1940Lithuania regained its independence after World War I, but the USSR annexed it in 1940 -- an action never recognized by the US and many other countries.
1990In 1990, Lithuania became the first of the Soviet republics to declare its independence, but Moscow did not recognize this proclamation until 1991.
1993The last Russian troops withdrew in 1993.
2004Lithuania subsequently restructured its economy for integration into West European institutions; it joined both NATO and the EU in 2004.
2015In 2015, Lithuania joined the euro zone, and it joined the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in 2018.
2021Languages: Lithuanian (official) 85.3%, Russian 6.8%, Polish 5.1%, other 1.1%, two mother tongues 1.7% (2021 est.) Religions: Roman Catholic 74.2%, Russian Orthodox 3.7%, Old Believer 0.6%, Evangelical Lutheran 0.6%, Evangelical Reformist 0.2%, other (including Sunni Muslim, Jewish, Greek Catholic, and Karaite) 0.9%, none 6.1%, unspecified 13.7% (2021 est.) Urban population: 68.7% of total population (2023).
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 16.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 14.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 51% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 4.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) Energy use: 83.7 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Industries: metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, televisions, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture, textiles, food processing, fertilizer, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, lasers, electronic components, c Agriculture: wheat, milk, sugar beets, rapeseed, barley, potatoes, triticale, oats, beans, peas (2023) Electricity access: 100% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 541,000 VILNIUS (capital) (2023) high-income EU and eurozone member, largest Baltic economy; recovery supported by private consumption and EU fund-driven investments; structural challenges include pension reform, aging workforce, and high energy-import costs Inflation: 0.7% (2024 est.).
2025Military spending: 4% of GDP (2025 est.).
