Factbook
Histoire de Libye — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Libye, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1911In the mid-16th century, Ottoman rule began; the Italians supplanted the Ottoman Turks in the area around Tripoli in 1911 and held it until 1943, when they were defeated in World War II.
1951Independence: 24 December 1951 (from UN trusteeship).
1951Libya then came under UN administration and achieved independence in 1951.
1969Muammar al-QADHAFI assumed leadership with a military coup in 1969 and began to espouse a political system that combined socialism and Islam.
1992UN sanctions in 1992 isolated QADHAFI politically and economically; the sanctions were lifted in 2003 when Libya accepted responsibility for the bombings and agreed to claimant compensation.
2010Unrest that began in several Middle Eastern and North African countries in 2010 erupted in Libyan cities in 2011.
2012In 2012, the NTC handed power to an elected parliament, the General National Congress (GNC), which was replaced two years later with the House of Representatives (HoR).
2014The HoR approved the GNU and its cabinet the same year, providing Libya with its first unified government since 2014, but the parliament then postponed the planned presidential election to an undetermined date in the future.
2015In 2015, the UN brokered the Libyan Political Agreement (LPA) among a broad array of political parties and social groups, establishing an interim executive body.
2018In 2018, the international community supported a recalibrated plan that aimed to break the political deadlock with a National Conference in 2019.
2020Languages: Arabic (official), Italian, English (all widely understood in the major cities); Tamazight (Nafusi, Ghadamis, Suknah, Awjilah, Tamasheq) Religions: Muslim (official; virtually all Sunni) 96.6%, Christian 2.7%, Buddhist <1%, Hindu <1%, Jewish <1%, folk religion <1%, other <1%, unaffiliated <1% (2020 est.) Urban population: 81.6% of total population (2023).
2020The LNA offensive collapsed in 2020, and a subsequent UN-sponsored cease-fire helped formalize the pause in fighting between rival camps.
2021In 2021, the UN-facilitated Libyan Political Dialogue Forum selected a new prime minister for an interim government -- the Government of National Unity (GNU) -- and a new presidential council charged with preparing for elections and uniting the country’s state institutions.
2022In 2022, the HoR voted to replace GNU interim Prime Minister, Abdul Hamid DUBAYBAH, with another government led by Fathi BASHAGHA.
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 100% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) Energy use: 100.844 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023In 2023, the HoR voted to replace BASHAGHA with Osma HAMAD.
2023Industries: petroleum, petrochemicals, aluminum, iron and steel, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement Agriculture: potatoes, onions, watermelons, tomatoes, dates, olives, milk, chicken, wheat, vegetables (2023) Electricity access: 70% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 1.183 million TRIPOLI (capital), 984,000 Misratah, 859,000 Benghazi (2023) upper middle-income, fossil fuel-based North African economy; 31% economic contraction due to COVID-19 and 2020 oil blockade; reduced government spending; central bank had to devalue currency; public wages are over 60% of expenditures Inflation: 2.1% (2024 est.).
