Factbook
Histoire de Liberia — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Liberia, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1847In 1847, these settlers declared independence from the US, writing their own constitution and establishing Africa’s first republic.
1980In 1980, Samuel DOE, who was from the indigenous population, led a military coup and ushered in a decade of authoritarian rule.
1989In 1989, Charles TAYLOR launched a rebellion that led to a prolonged civil war in which DOE was killed.
1997A period of relative peace in 1997 permitted an election that brought TAYLOR to power.
2003A 2003 peace agreement ended the war and prompted TAYLOR’s resignation.
2005In 2005, Ellen JOHNSON SIRLEAF became president after two years of transitional governments; she was the first female head of state in Africa.
2011In 2011, JOHNSON SIRLEAF won reelection but struggled to rebuild Liberia's economy -- particularly after the 2014-15 Ebola epidemic -- and to reconcile a nation still recovering from 14 years of fighting.
2017In 2017, former soccer star George WEAH won the presidential runoff election, marking the first successful transfer of power from one democratically elected government to another since the end of Liberia’s civil wars.
2022Languages: English 20% (official) and 27 indigenous languages, including Liberian English variants Religions: Christian 84.9%, Muslim 12%, Traditional 0.5%, other 0.1%, none 2.6% (2022 est.) Urban population: 53.6% of total population (2023).
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 66.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 1.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 32.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) Energy use: 1.822 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023In 2023, former Vice President Joseph BOAKAI was elected president, edging out WEAH by a thin margin, the first time since 1927 that an incumbent was not re-elected after one term.
2023Industries: mining (iron ore and gold), rubber processing, palm oil processing, diamonds Agriculture: cassava, sugarcane, rice, oil palm fruit, bananas, rubber, vegetables, plantains, taro, maize (2023) Electricity access: 31.8% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 1.678 million MONROVIA (capital) (2023) low-income West African economy; food scarcity, especially in rural areas; high poverty and inflation; bad recession prior to COVID-19 due to Ebola crisis; growing government debt; longest continuously operated rubber plantation; large informal economy Inflation: 10.1% (2023 est.).
2024Military spending: 0.7% of GDP (2024 est.).
