Factbook
Histoire de Kirghizistan — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Kirghizistan, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1876The Russian Empire annexed most of the territory of present-day Kyrgyzstan in 1876.
1916The Kyrgyz staged a major revolt against the Tsarist Empire in 1916, during which almost one-sixth of the Kyrgyz population was killed.
1926Kyrgyzstan became a Soviet republic in 1926 and achieved independence in 1991 when the USSR dissolved.
1991Independence: 31 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union).
2005Nationwide demonstrations in 2005 and 2010 resulted in the ouster of the country’s first two presidents, Askar AKAEV and Kurmanbek BAKIEV.
2009Languages: Kyrgyz (state language) 71.4%, Uzbek 14.4%, Russian (official language) 9%, other 5.2% (2009 est.) Religions: Muslim 90% (majority Sunni), Christian 7% (Russian Orthodox 3%), other 3% (includes Jewish, Buddhist, Baha'i) (2017 est.) Urban population: 37.8% of total population (2023).
2011Almazbek ATAMBAEV was sworn in as president in 2011.
2017Former prime minister and ruling Social-Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan member Sooronbay JEENBEKOV replaced him after winning the 2017 presidential election, which was the most competitive in the country’s history despite reported cases of vote buying and abuse of public resources.
2017In 2017, ATAMBAEV became the first Kyrgyzstani president to serve a full term and respect constitutional term limits, voluntarily stepping down at the end of his mandate.
2020In 2020, protests against parliamentary election results spread across Kyrgyzstan, leading to JEENBEKOV’s resignation and catapulting previously imprisoned Sadyr JAPAROV to acting president.
2021In 2021, Kyrgyzstanis formally elected JAPAROV as president and approved a referendum to move Kyrgyzstan from a parliamentary to a presidential system.
2021In 2021, Kyrgyzstanis voted in favor of constitutional changes that consolidated power in the presidency.
2021Pro-government parties won a majority in the 2021 legislative elections.
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 14.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 85.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) Energy use: 27.58 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Industries: small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement, shoes, lumber, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, rare earth metals Agriculture: milk, potatoes, maize, sugar beets, wheat, barley, tomatoes, onions, watermelons, carrots/turnips (2023) Electricity access: 99.7% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 1.105 million BISHKEK (capital) (2023) landlocked, lower-middle-income Central Asian economy; natural resource rich; growing hydroelectricity and tourism; high remittances; corruption limits investment; COVID-19 and political turmoil hurt GDP, limited public revenues, and increased spending Inflation: 10.8% (2023 est.).
2024Military spending: 3% of GDP (2024 est.).
