Factbook
Histoire de Israël — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Israël, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1947The Arabs were subsequently defeated in the 1947-1949 war that followed the UN proposal and the British withdrawal.
1947The UN General Assembly proposed in 1947 partitioning the British Mandate for Palestine into an Arab and Jewish state.
1948Independence: 14 May 1948 (following League of Nations mandate under British administration).
1948The State of Israel was established in 1948.
1949Israel joined the UN in 1949 and saw rapid population growth, primarily due to Jewish refugee migration from Europe and the Middle East.
1956Israel and its Arab neighbors fought wars in 1956, 1967, and 1973, and Israel signed peace treaties with Egypt in 1979 and Jordan in 1994.
1967Israel took control of the West Bank, the eastern part of Jerusalem, the Gaza Strip, the Sinai Peninsula, and the Golan Heights in the course of the 1967 war.
1979It ceded the Sinai back to Egypt in the 1979-1982 period but has continued to administer the other territories through military authorities.
1996NETANYAHU previously served as premier from 1996 to 1999 and from 2009 to 2021, becoming Israel's longest serving prime minister.
2013The most recent formal efforts between Israel and the Palestinian Authority to negotiate final status issues occurred in 2013 and 2014, and the US continues its efforts to advance peace.
2020Israel signed the US-brokered normalization agreements (the Abraham Accords) with Bahrain, the UAE, and Morocco in 2020 and reached an agreement with Sudan in 2021.
2022Former Prime Minister Benjamin NETANYAHU returned to office in 2022, continuing his dominance of Israel's political landscape at the head of Israel's most rightwing and religious government.
2022In 2022, a US-brokered agreement between Israel and Lebanon established their maritime boundary, allowing Israel to begin production on additional gas fields in the Mediterranean.
2022Languages: Hebrew (official), Arabic (special status under Israeli law), English (most commonly used foreign language) Religions: Jewish 73.5%, Muslim 18.1%, Christian 1.9%, Druze 1.6%, other 4.9% (2022 est.) Urban population: 92.9% of total population (2023).
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 89.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 9.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) Energy use: 112.437 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Immigration to Israel continues, with more than 44,000 estimated new immigrants, mostly Jewish, in the first 11 months of 2023.
2023Industries: high-technology products (including aviation, communications, computer-aided design and manufactures, medical electronics, fiber optics), wood and paper products, potash and phosphates, food, beverages, and tobacco, caustic soda, cement, pharmaceuticals, const Agriculture: milk, chicken, potatoes, tomatoes, tangerines/mandarins, bananas, eggs, avocados, beef, carrots/turnips (2023) Electricity access: 100% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 4.421 million Tel Aviv-Yafo, 1.174 million Haifa, 970,000 JERUSALEM (capital) (2023) high-income, technology- and industrial-based economy; economic contraction and fiscal deficits resulting from war in Gaza; labor force stabilizing following military reservist mobilization; high-tech industry remains resilient while construction and tourism among hardest-hit sectors Inflation: 3.1% (2024 est.).
2023On 7 October 2023, HAMAS militants launched a combined unguided rocket and ground terrorist attack from Gaza into southern Israel.
2024Military spending: 8% of GDP (2024 est.).
