Factbook
Histoire de Irlande — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Irlande, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1916The modern Irish state traces its origins to the failed 1916 Easter Monday Uprising that galvanized nationalist sentiment.
1921Independence: 6 December 1921 (from the UK); 6 December 1922 (Irish Free State established); 18 April 1949 (Republic of Ireland Act enabled).
1921The ensuing guerrilla war led to independence from the UK in 1921 with the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the creation of the Irish Free State.
1922The split between pro-Treaty and anti-Treaty partisans led to the Irish Civil War (1922-23).
1949Ireland declared itself a republic in 1949 and formally left the British Dominion.
1973Ireland joined the European Community in 1973 and the euro-zone currency union in 1999.
1995The economic boom years of the Celtic Tiger (1995-2007) saw rapid economic growth that came to an abrupt end in 2008 with the meltdown of the Irish banking system.
1998In 1998, the governments of Ireland and the UK, along with most political parties in Northern Ireland, reached the Belfast/Good Friday Agreement with the support of the US.
2022Languages: English (official, the language generally used), Irish (Gaelic or Gaeilge) (official, spoken by approximately 37.7% of the population) Religions: Roman Catholic 69.2% (includes lapsed), Protestant 3.7% (Church of Ireland/England/Anglican/Episcopalian 2.5%, other Protestant 1.2%), Orthodox 2%, other Christian 0.9%, Muslim 1.6%, other 1.4%, agnostic/atheist 0.1%, none 14.5%, unspecified 6.7% (2022 est.) Urban population: 64.5% of total population (2023).
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 55.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 1.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 37% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 2.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) Energy use: 113.837 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Industries: pharmaceuticals, chemicals, computer hardware and software, food products, beverages and brewing; medical devices Agriculture: milk, barley, beef, wheat, potatoes, pork, oats, chicken, rapeseed, beans (2023) Electricity access: 100% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 1.270 million DUBLIN (capital) (2023) high-income, export-oriented EU economy; large multinational business sector contributes to growth and tax revenues but poses volatility risks; high living standards; strong labor market challenged by skill shortages and aging workforce Inflation: 2.1% (2024 est.).
2024Military spending: 0.2% of GDP (2024 est.).
