Factbook
Histoire de Hongrie — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Hongrie, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1918Independence: 16 November 1918 (republic proclaimed); notable earlier dates: 25 December 1000 (crowning of King STEPHEN I, traditional founding date); 30 March 1867 (Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy established).
1956In 1956, Moscow responded to a Hungarian revolt and announcement of its withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact with a massive military intervention.
1968Under the leadership of Janos KADAR in 1968, Hungary began liberalizing its economy, introducing so-called "Goulash Communism." Hungary held its first multiparty elections in 1990 and initiated a free market economy.
1999It joined NATO in 1999 and the EU five years later.
2022Languages: Hungarian (official) 98.8%, English 25.3%, German 12.6%, Russian 2.1%, French 1.5%, Romanian 1.4%, other 5.1% (2022 est.) Religions: Catholic 30.1% (Roman Catholic 27.5%, Greek Catholic 1.7%, other Catholic 0.9%), Calvinist 9.8%, Lutheran 1.8%, other Christian (includes Orthodox) 1.6%, other 0.4%, none 16.1%, no answer 40.1% (2022 est.) Urban population: 72.9% of total population (2023).
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 28.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); nuclear: 44.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 19.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 1.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 0.6% of total insta Energy use: 96.152 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Industries: mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles Agriculture: maize, wheat, barley, milk, sunflower seeds, sugar beets, rapeseed, apples, pork, grapes (2023) Electricity access: 100% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 1.778 million BUDAPEST (capital) (2023) high-income EU and OECD economy; modest recovery from 2024 recession driven by private consumption and moderated inflation; challenges include high fiscal deficits, frozen access to EU funds, and risks from export reliance; implementing tax exemptions, price controls, and mortgage interest caps ahead of 2026 elections Inflation: 3.7% (2024 est.).
2025Military spending: 2.1% of GDP (2025 est.).
