Factbook
Histoire de Guyana — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Guyana, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1815Originally a Dutch colony in the 17th century, by 1815 Guyana had become a British possession.
1966Guyana achieved independence from the UK in 1966, and since then primarily socialist-oriented governments have ruled the country.
1992In 1992, Cheddi JAGAN was elected president in what is considered the country's first free and fair election since independence.
1999After his death five years later, his wife, Janet JAGAN, became president but resigned in 1999 due to poor health.
2001Her successor, Bharrat JAGDEO, was elected in 2001 and again in 2006.
2011Donald RAMOTAR won in 2011, but early elections held in 2015 resulted in the first change in governing party, and David GRANGER took office.
2014Languages: English (official), Guyanese Creole, Amerindian languages (including Caribbean and Arawak languages), Indian languages (including Caribbean Hindustani, a dialect of Hindi), Chinese (2014 est.) Religions: Protestant 34.8% (Pentecostal 22.8%, Seventh Day Adventist 5.4%, Anglican 5.2%, Methodist 1.4%), Hindu 24.8%, other Christian 20.8%, Roman Catholic 7.1%, Muslim 6.8%, Jehovah's Witness 1.3%, Rastafarian 0.5%, other 0.9%, none 3.1% (2012 est.) Urban population: 27.2% of total population (2023).
2015The discovery of massive offshore oil reserves in 2015 has been Guyana's primary economic and political focus, with many hoping the reserves will transform one of the poorest countries in the region.
2018After a 2018 no-confidence vote against the GRANGER government, the administration ignored a constitutional requirement to hold elections and remained in place until the 2020 elections, when Irfaan ALI became president.
2018Major urban areas: 110,000 GEORGETOWN (capital) (2018) small, hydrocarbon-driven South American export economy; major forest coverage being leveraged in carbon credit offsets to encourage preservation; strengthening financial sector; large bauxite and gold resources Inflation: 2.9% (2024 est.).
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 92.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 1.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) Energy use: 46.045 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Industries: bauxite, sugar, rice milling, timber, textiles, gold mining Agriculture: rice, sugarcane, plantains, cassava, papayas, pumpkins/squash, chicken, milk, ginger, eggplants (2023) Electricity access: 93% (2022 est.).
2024Military spending: 0.9% of GDP (2024 est.).
