Factbook
Histoire de Guinée-Bissau — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Guinée-Bissau, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1973Independence: 24 September 1973 (declared); 10 September 1974 (from Portugal).
1974Since gaining independence in 1974, Guinea-Bissau has experienced considerable political and military upheaval.
1980In 1980, a military coup established General Joao Bernardo 'Nino' VIEIRA as president.
1999Several coup attempts through the 1980s and early 1990s failed to unseat him, but a military mutiny and civil war in 1999 led to VIEIRA's ouster.
2000In 2000, a transitional government turned over power to opposition leader Kumba YALA.
2003In 2003, a bloodless military coup overthrew YALA and installed businessman Henrique ROSA as interim president.
2005In 2005, VIEIRA was reelected, pledging to pursue economic development and national reconciliation; he was assassinated in 2009.
2012Malam Bacai SANHA was then elected president, but he passed away in 2012 from a long-term illness.
2014In 2014, Jose Mario VAZ was elected president in a free and fair election, and in 2019, he became the first president in Guinea-Bissau’s history to complete a full term.
2019Umaro Sissoco EMBALO was elected president in 2019, but he did not take office until 2020 because of a prolonged challenge to the election results.
2020Languages: Portuguese-based Creole, Portuguese (official; largely used as a second or third language), Pular (a Fula language), Mandingo Religions: Muslim 46.1%, folk religions 30.6%, Christian 18.9%, other or unaffiliated 4.4% (2020 est.) Urban population: 45.5% of total population (2023).
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 96.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 3.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) Energy use: 2.351 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Industries: agricultural products processing, beer, soft drinks Agriculture: rice, groundnuts, cashews, root vegetables, oil palm fruit, plantains, cassava, coconuts, vegetables, sweet potatoes (2023) Electricity access: 37.4% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 664,000 BISSAU (capital) (2023) extremely poor West African economy; ethnically diverse labor force; increasing government expenditures; slight inflation due to food supply disruptions; major cashew exporter; systemic banking instabilities and corruption; vulnerable to oil price shocks Inflation: 3.8% (2024 est.).
2024Military spending: 1.2% of GDP (2024 est.).
