Factbook
Histoire de Finlande — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Finlande, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1809Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809.
1917Independence: 6 December 1917 (from Russia).
1995A member of the EU since 1995, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro single currency at its initiation in January 1999.
2022Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Finland opted to join NATO; it became the organization's 31st member in April 2023.
2022Languages: Finnish (official) 85.9%, Swedish (official) 5.2%, Russian 1.7%, other 7.2% (2022 est.) Religions: Lutheran 66.6%, Greek Orthodox 1.1%, other 1.7%, none 30.6% (2022 est.) Urban population: 85.8% of total population (2023).
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 5.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); nuclear: 41.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 0.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 18.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 19.4% of total insta Energy use: 183.54 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Industries: metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing Agriculture: milk, barley, oats, wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, pork, chicken, peas, rye (2023) Electricity access: 100% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 1.338 million HELSINKI (capital) (2023) high-income, export-based EU and eurozone economy; major timber, metals, engineering, telecom, and electronics industries; emerging from recession triggered by inflation, weak consumer and export demand, and lower private investment; labor market reform plan to address structural rigidities Inflation: 1.6% (2024 est.).
2025Military spending: 2.8% of GDP (2025 est.).
