Factbook
Histoire de Eswatini — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Eswatini, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1903European countries defined the kingdom’s modern borders during the late-19th century, and Swaziland (as it became known) was administered as a UK high commission territory from 1903 until its independence in 1968.
1968Independence: 6 September 1968 (from the UK).
2005A new constitution that came into effect in 2005 included provisions for a more independent parliament and judiciary, but the legal status of political parties remains unclear, and the kingdom is still considered an absolute monarchy.
2018King MSWATI III renamed the country from Swaziland to Eswatini in 2018 to reflect the name most commonly used by its citizens.
2018Major urban areas: 68,000 MBABANE (capital) (2018) landlocked southern African economy; South African trade dependent and currency pegging; CMA and SACU member state; COVID-19 economic slowdown; growing utilities inflation; persistent poverty and unemployment; HIV/AIDS labor force disruptions Inflation: 2.6% (2019 est.).
2021In 2021, MSWATI III used security forces to suppress prodemocracy protests.
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 3.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 4.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 54.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) Energy use: 18.823 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023In November 2023, King MSWATI III appointed a new prime minister following peaceful national elections.
2023Industries: soft drink concentrates, coal, forestry, sugar processing, textiles, and apparel Agriculture: sugarcane, maize, root vegetables, grapefruits, oranges, milk, pineapples, bananas, beef, sweet potatoes (2023) Electricity access: 82.3% (2022 est.).
2023Languages: English (official, used for government business), siSwati (official) Religions: Christian 90% (Zionist - a blend of Christianity and traditional African religions - 40%, Roman Catholic 20%, other Christian 30% - includes Anglican, Methodist, Church of Jesus Christ, Jehovah's Witness), Muslim 2%, other 8% (includes Baha'i, Buddhist, Hindu, indigenous, Jewish) Urban population: 24.8% of total population (2023).
2024Military spending: 1.4% of GDP (2024 est.).
