Factbook
Histoire de Tchéquie — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Tchéquie, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1948After the war, a reunited but truncated Czechoslovakia (less Ruthenia) fell within the Soviet sphere of influence when the pro-Soviet Communist party staged a coup in February 1948.
1968In 1968, an invasion by fellow Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of the country's leaders to liberalize communist rule and create "socialism with a human face," ushering in a period of repression known as "normalization." The peaceful "Velvet Revolution" swept the Communist Party from power at the end of 1989 and inaugurated a return to democratic rule and a market economy.
1993Independence: 1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia).
1993On 1 January 1993, the country underwent a nonviolent "velvet divorce" into its two national components, the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
1999The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004.
2016The country formally added the short-form name Czechia in 2016, while also continuing to use the full form name, the Czech Republic.
2021Languages: Czech (official) 88.4%, Slovak 1.5%, other 2.6%, unspecified 7.2% (2021 est.) Religions: Roman Catholic 7%, other believers belonging to a church or religious society 6% (includes Evangelical United Brethren Church and Czechoslovak Hussite Church), believers unaffiliated with a religious society 9.1%, none 47.8%, unspecified 30.1% (2021 est.) Urban population: 74.6% of total population (2023).
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 45.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); nuclear: 40.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 4.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 0.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 2.6% of total instal Energy use: 136.306 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Industries: motor vehicles, metallurgy, machinery and equipment, glass, armaments Agriculture: wheat, sugar beets, milk, barley, rapeseed, potatoes, maize, triticale, pork, chicken (2023) Electricity access: 100% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 1.323 million PRAGUE (capital) (2023) high-income, diversified EU economy; manufacturing-oriented exporter led by automotive industry; moderate growth driven by household consumption and investments, despite negative contribution from net exports; tight labor market with low unemployment; gained energy independence from Russian oil in April 2025 Inflation: 2.4% (2024 est.).
2025Military spending: 2% of GDP (2025 est.).
2025Population: 10.8 million (2025 estimate).
