Factbook
Histoire de Côte d'Ivoire — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Côte d'Ivoire, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1844In 1844, France established a protectorate.
1960Cote d’Ivoire achieved independence from France in 1960 but has maintained close ties.
1960Independence: 7 August 1960 (from France).
1969For example, the Sanwi kingdom -- originally founded in the 17th century -- tried to break away from Cote d’Ivoire and establish an independent state in 1969.
1999Then in 1999, a military coup overthrew the government, and a year later, junta leader Robert GUEI held rigged elections and declared himself the winner.
2002Ivoirian dissidents and members of the military launched a failed coup in 2002 that developed into a civil war.
2003In 2003, a cease-fire resulted in rebels holding the north, the government holding the south, and peacekeeping forces occupying a buffer zone in the middle.
2007In 2007, President GBAGBO and former rebel leader Guillaume SORO signed an agreement in which SORO joined GBAGBO's government as prime minister.
2010In 2010, Alassane Dramane OUATTARA won the presidential election, but GBAGBO refused to hand over power, resulting in five months of violent conflict.
2011Armed OUATTARA supporters and UN and French troops eventually forced GBAGBO to step down in 2011.
2014Languages: French (official), 60 native dialects of which Dioula is the most widely spoken Religions: Muslim 42.9%, Catholic 17.2%, Evangelical 11.8%, Methodist 1.7%, other Christian 3.2%, animist 3.6%, other religion 0.5%, none 19.1% (2014 est.) Urban population: 53.1% of total population (2023).
2015OUATTARA won a second term in 2015 and a controversial third term in 2020 -- despite the two-term limit in the Ivoirian constitution -- in an election boycotted by the opposition.
2018Major urban areas: 231,000 YAMOUSSOUKRO (capital) (2018), 5.686 million ABIDJAN (seat of government) (2023) one of West Africa’s most influential, stable, and rapidly developing economies; poverty declines in urban but increases in rural areas; strong construction sector and increasingly diverse economic portfolio; increasing but manageable public debt; large labor force in agriculture Inflation: 3.5% (2024 est.).
2021Also in 2021, the International Criminal Court in The Hague ruled on a final acquittal for GBAGBO, who was on trial for crimes against humanity, paving the way for GBAGBO’s return to Abidjan the same year.
2021Through political compromise with OUATTARA, the opposition participated peacefully in 2021 legislative elections and won a substantial minority of seats.
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 68.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 30.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) Energy use: 8.489 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Industries: foodstuffs, beverages; wood products, oil refining, gold mining, truck and bus assembly, textiles, fertilizer, building materials, electricity Agriculture: yams, cassava, oil palm fruit, cocoa beans, sugarcane, plantains, rice, rubber, maize, cashews (2023) Electricity access: 70.4% (2022 est.).
2024Military spending: 0.8% of GDP (2024 est.).
2025Population: 31.9 million (2025 estimate).
