Factbook
Histoire de Comores — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Comores, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1975Composed of the islands of Anjouan, Mayotte, Moheli, and Grande Comore, Comoros spent most of the 20th century as a colonial outpost until it declared independence from France on 6 July 1975.
1975Since independence, Comoros has weathered approximately 20 successful and attempted coups, mostly between 1975 and 2000, resulting in prolonged political instability and stunted economic development.
2002In 2002, President AZALI Assoumani became the first elected president following the completion of the Fomboni Accords, in which the islands of Grande Comore, Anjouan, and Moheli agreed to rotate the presidency among the islands every five years.
2007In 2007, Mohamed BACAR effected Anjouan's de-facto secession from the Union of the Comoros, refusing to step down when Comoros' other islands held legitimate elections.
2008The African Union (AU) initially attempted to resolve the political crisis with sanctions and a naval blockade of Anjouan, but in 2008, the AU and Comoran soldiers seized the island.
2011In 2011, Ikililou DHOININE won the presidency in peaceful elections widely deemed to be free and fair.
2016In closely contested elections in 2016, AZALI won a second term, when the rotating presidency returned to Grande Comore.
2018In 2018, a referendum -- which the opposition parties boycotted -- approved a new constitution that extended presidential term limits and abolished the requirement for the presidency to rotate between the three main islands.
2018Major urban areas: 62,000 MORONI (capital) (2018) small trade-based island economy; declining remittances; new structural and fiscal reforms; adverse cyclone and COVID-19 impacts; manageable debts; fragile liquidity environment; large foreign direct investment; state-owned enterprises suffering Inflation: 1% (2017 est.).
2019AZALI formed a new government later that year, and he subsequently ran and was reelected in 2019.
2020Languages: Arabic (official), French (official), Shikomoro (official; similar to Swahili), Comorian Religions: Muslim 98.1% (overwhelmingly Sunni Muslim, small Shia Muslim and Ahmadiyya Muslim populations), ethnic religionist 1.1%, Christian 0.6%, other 0.3% (2020 est.) Urban population: 30.1% of total population (2023).
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 100% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) Energy use: 7.139 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Industries: fishing, tourism, perfume distillation Agriculture: bananas, coconuts, cassava, yams, maize, taro, milk, tomatoes, sweet potatoes, pulses (2023) Electricity access: 89.9% (2022 est.).
2024AZALI was reelected again in January 2024 in an election that the opposition disputed but the Supreme Court validated.
