Factbook
Histoire de Chili — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Chili, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1541In 1541, the Spanish established the Captaincy General of Chile, which lasted until Chile declared its independence in 1810.
1810Independence: 18 September 1810 (from Spain).
1818The subsequent struggle with the Spanish became tied to other South American independence conflicts, with a decisive victory not being achieved until 1818.
1879In the War of the Pacific (1879-83), Chile defeated Peru and Bolivia to win its current northernmost regions.
1891Between 1891 and 1973, a series of elected governments succeeded each other until the Marxist government of Salvador ALLENDE was overthrown in 1973 in a military coup led by General Augusto PINOCHET, who ruled until a democratically elected president was inaugurated in 1990.
2012Languages: Spanish 99.5% (official), English 10.2%, Indigenous 1% (includes Mapudungun, Aymara, Quechua, Rapa Nui), other 2.3%, unspecified 0.2% (2012 est.) Religions: Catholic 57%, none 25.7%, Evangelical or Protestant 16.2%, other Christians and traditions related to Christ 1.3%; less than 1%: Buddhist, Catholic Orthodox, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, Islam, Judaism, other religions, no religion (2024) Urban population: 88% of total population (2023).
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 35.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 20.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 10.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 26.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); geothermal: 0.5% of total i Energy use: 71.42 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Industries: copper, lithium, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles Agriculture: grapes, milk, apples, wheat, tomatoes, potatoes, chicken, maize, sugar beets, pork (2023) Electricity access: 100% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 6.903 million SANTIAGO (capital), 1.009 million Valparaiso, 912,000 Concepcion (2023) export-driven economy; leading copper producer; though hit by COVID-19, fairly quick rebound from increased liquidity and rapid vaccine rollouts; decreasing poverty but still lingering inequality; public debt rising but still manageable; recent political violence has had negative economic consequences Inflation: 4.3% (2024 est.).
2024Military spending: 1.5% of GDP (2024 est.).
2025Population: 19.1 million (2025 estimate).
