Factbook
Histoire de Bulgarie — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Bulgarie, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1878Independence: 3 March 1878 (as an autonomous principality within the Ottoman Empire); 22 September 1908 (complete independence from the Ottoman Empire).
1878Northern Bulgaria attained autonomy in 1878, and all of Bulgaria became independent from the Ottoman Empire in 1908.
1946Having fought on the losing side in both World Wars, Bulgaria fell within the Soviet sphere of influence and became a People's Republic in 1946.
1990Communist domination ended in 1990, when Bulgaria held its first multiparty election since World War II and began the contentious process of moving toward political democracy and a market economy while combating inflation, unemployment, corruption, and crime.
2004The country joined NATO in 2004, the EU in 2007, and the Schengen Area for air and sea travel in 2024.
2021Languages: Bulgarian (official) 77.3%, Turkish 7.9%, Romani 3.5%, other 1%, unspecified 10.4% (2021 est.) Religions: Christian 64.7%, Muslim 9.8%, other 0.1%, none 4.7%, unspecified 20.7% (2021 est.) Urban population: 76.7% of total population (2023).
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 35.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); nuclear: 40.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 8.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 7.5% of total installe Energy use: 102.171 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Industries: electricity, gas, water; food, beverages, tobacco; machinery and equipment, automotive parts, base metals, chemical products, coke, refined petroleum, nuclear fuel; outsourcing centers Agriculture: wheat, maize, sunflower seeds, barley, milk, rapeseed, grapes, potatoes, triticale, tomatoes (2023) Electricity access: 100% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 1.288 million SOFIA (capital) (2023) upper-middle-income EU economy; currency pegged to the euro, with eurozone accession pending; declining energy prices helping lower inflation rate; EU structural funds contributing to investment recovery; skilled labor shortage driven by emigration and aging population Inflation: 2.4% (2024 est.).
2025Military spending: 2.1% of GDP (2025 est.).
