Factbook
Histoire de Arménie — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Arménie, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1918884 (Armenian Kingdom reestablished under the Bagratid Dynasty); 1198 (Cilician Kingdom established); 28 May 1918 (Democratic Republic of Armenia declared).
1918Armenia declared its independence in 1918 in the wake of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, but it was conquered by the Soviet Red Army in 1920.
1921In 1921, Moscow placed Nagorno-Karabakh within Soviet Azerbaijan as an autonomous oblast.
1936Armenia, along with Azerbaijan and Georgia, was initially incorporated into the USSR as part of the Transcaucasian Federated Soviet Socialist Republic; in 1936, the republic was separated into its three constituent entities, which were maintained until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.
1988Fighting over Nagorno-Karabakh began in 1988 and escalated after Armenia and Azerbaijan declared independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.
1991Independence: 21 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: 321 B.C.
1993Turkey closed its border with Armenia in 1993 in support of Azerbaijan during the first period of conflict with Armenia and has since maintained a closed border, leaving Armenia with closed borders both in the west (with Turkey) and east (with Azerbaijan).
1994By the time a cease-fire took effect in 1994, separatists with Armenian support controlled Nagorno‑Karabakh and seven surrounding Azerbaijani territories.
2009Armenia and Turkey engaged in intensive diplomacy to normalize relations and open the border in 2009, but the signed agreement was not ratified in either country.
2015Armenia is a parliamentary democracy; note - constitutional changes adopted in December 2015 transformed the government to a parliamentary system in Southwestern Asia, between Turkey (to the west) and Azerbaijan; note - Armenia views itself as part of Europe; geopolitically, it can be classified as falling within Europe, the Middle East, or both.
2015In 2015, Armenia joined the Eurasian Economic Union alongside Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan.
2017In 2017, Armenia signed a Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA) with the EU.
2018In 2018, former President of Armenia (2008-18) Serzh SARGSIAN of the Republican Party of Armenia (RPA) tried to extend his time in power, prompting protests that became known as the “Velvet Revolution.” After SARGSIAN resigned, the National Assembly elected the leader of the protests, Civil Contract party chief Nikol PASHINYAN, as the new prime minister.
2020Armenia and Azerbaijan engaged in a second military conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh in 2020; Armenia lost control over much of the territory it had previously captured, returning the southern part of Nagorno-Karabakh and the territories around it to Azerbaijan.
2021PASHINYAN’s party has prevailed in subsequent legislative elections, most recently in 2021.
2022Languages: Armenian 97.2%, Russian 1.4%, Ezidian 1.0%; less than 1%: other, unknown (2022) Religions: Armenian Apostolic 95.2%, not stated 1.7%; less than 1%: Catholic, no religion, Evangelical, Shar-fadinian, other, Armenian Orthodox, Jehovah's Witness, Pagan, Molokan (2022 est.) Urban population: 63.7% of total population (2023).
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 43% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); nuclear: 29% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 8.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 19% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) Energy use: 54.689 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023In September 2023, Azerbaijan took military action to regain control over Nagorno-Karabakh; after an armed conflict that lasted only one day, nearly the entire ethnic Armenian population of Nagorno-Karabakh fled to Armenia.
2023Industries: brandy, mining, diamond processing, metal-cutting machine tools, forging and pressing machines, electric motors, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments, microelectronics, jewelry, software, food processing Agriculture: milk, potatoes, grapes, vegetables, wheat, tomatoes, watermelons, apricots, apples, barley (2023) Electricity access: 100% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 1.095 million YEREVAN (capital) (2023) upper-middle income, fast-growing Caucasus economy; stable fiscal and monetary regime but vulnerable to geopolitical shocks; economic and energy ties to Russia but seeking more EU and US trade; key copper and gold exporter; business-friendly and anti-corruption reforms; persistent unemployment; influx of migrants from Ukraine war easing Inflation: 0.3% (2024 est.).
2024Military spending: 5.5% of GDP (2024 est.).
