Factbook
Histoire de Argentine — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Argentine, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1816In 1816, the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata declared their independence from Spain.
1860European immigrants heavily shaped the country's population and culture, with Italy and Spain providing the largest percentage of newcomers from 1860 to 1930.
1974After World War II, former President Juan Domingo PERÓN -- the founder of the Peronist political movement -- introduced an era of populism, serving three non-consecutive terms in office until his death in 1974.
1976Direct and indirect military interference in government throughout the PERÓN years led to a military junta taking power in 1976.
1982In 1982, the junta failed in its bid to seize the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) by force from the United Kingdom.
1983Democracy was reinstated in 1983 and has persisted despite numerous challenges, the most formidable of which was a severe economic crisis in 2001-02 that led to violent public protests and the successive resignations of several presidents.
2003The years 2003-15 saw Peronist rule by Néstor KIRCHNER (2003-07) and his spouse Cristina FERNÁNDEZ DE KIRCHNER (2007-15), who oversaw several years of strong economic growth (2003-11) followed by a gradual deterioration in the government’s fiscal situation and eventual economic stagnation and isolation.
2015Argentina underwent a brief period of economic reform and international reintegration under Mauricio MACRI (2015-19), but a recession in 2018-19 and frustration with MACRI’s economic policies ushered in a new Peronist government in 2019 led by President Alberto FERNÁNDEZ and Vice President Cristina FERNÁNDEZ DE KIRCHNER.
2019Languages: Spanish (official), Italian, English, German, French, indigenous (Quechua, Guarani, Mapudungun) Religions: Roman Catholic 62.9%, Evangelical 15.3% (Pentecostal 13%, other Evangelical 2.3%), Jehovah's Witness and Church of Jesus Christ 1.4%, other 1.2% (includes Muslim, Jewish), none 18.9% (includes agnostic and atheist), unspecified 0.3% (2019 est.) Urban population: 92.5% of total population (2023).
2023Argentina's high public debts, its pandemic-related inflationary pressures, and systemic monetary woes served as the catalyst for the 2023 elections, culminating with President Javier MILEI's electoral success.
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 61.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); nuclear: 6.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 2.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 11% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 16.5% of total install Energy use: 78.496 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Industries: food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel Agriculture: maize, soybeans, sugarcane, wheat, milk, sunflower seeds, barley, beef, potatoes, chicken (2023) Electricity access: 100% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 15.490 million BUENOS AIRES (capital), 1.612 million Córdoba, 1.594 million Rosario, 1.226 million Mendoza, 1.027 million San Miguel de Tucumán, 914,000 La Plata (2023) large diversified economy; financial risks from debt obligations, rapid inflation, and reduced investor appetites; resource-rich, export-led growth model; increasing trade relations with China; G20 and OAS leader; tendency to nationalize businesses and under-report inflation Inflation: 73.1% (2022 est.).
2024Military spending: 0.6% of GDP (2024 est.).
2025Population: 45.4 million (2025 estimate).
