Factbook
Histoire de Angola — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Angola, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1884During the Berlin Conference of 1884-85, Portugal and other European powers set Angola’s modern borders, but the Portuguese did not fully control large portions of the territory.
1888Portugal gained control of the Kingdom of Kongo in 1888 when Kongo’s King Pedro V sought Portuguese military assistance in exchange for becoming a vassal.
1914After a revolt in 1914, Portugal imposed direct rule over the colony and abolished the Kongo Kingdom.
1961The Angolan National Revolution began in 1961, and in 1975, Angola won its independence when Portugal’s dictatorship fell, a collapse that occurred in part because of growing discontent over conflict in Angola and other colonies.
1975Independence: 11 November 1975 (from Portugal).
1979After NETO’s death in 1979, Jose Eduardo DOS SANTOS, also of the MPLA, became president.
2002Angola scores low on human development indexes despite using its large oil reserves to rebuild since 2002.
2002SAVIMBI's death in 2002 ended UNITA's insurgency and cemented the MPLA's hold on power.
2014Languages: Portuguese 71.2% (official), Umbundu 23%, Kikongo 8.2%, Kimbundu 7.8%, Chokwe 6.5%, Nhaneca 3.4%, Nganguela 3.1%, Fiote 2.4%, Kwanhama 2.3%, Muhumbi 2.1%, Luvale 1%, other 3.6% (2014 est.) Religions: Roman Catholic 41.1%, Protestant 38.1%, other 8.6%, none 12.3% (2014 est.) Urban population: 68.7% of total population (2023).
2017DOS SANTOS did not seek reelection in 2017 and supported Joao LOURENCO’s successful bid to become president.
2023Generation mix — fossil fuels: 23.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 2.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 74% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) Energy use: 9.146 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Industries: petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing, brewing, tobacco products, sugar; textiles; ship repair Agriculture: cassava, bananas, maize, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, tomatoes, pineapples, onions, potatoes, citrus fruits (2023) Electricity access: 48.5% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 9.292 million LUANDA (capital), 959,000 Lubango, 905,000 Cabinda, 809,000 Benguela, 783,000 Malanje (2023) middle-income, oil-dependent African economy; widespread poverty; rising inflation and currency depreciation; seeking diversification through agricultural production; significant corruption in public institutions; major infrastructure investments from China and US; exited OPEC in 2023 Inflation: 28.2% (2024 est.).
2024Military spending: 1% of GDP (2024 est.).
2025Population: 39.0 million (2025 estimate).
