Factbook
Histoire de Albanie — Chronologie
Dates clés de l'histoire de Albanie, d'après le Factbook Magna et l'Encyclopédie universelle.
1912After declaring independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1912, Albania experienced a period of political upheaval that led to a short-lived monarchy, which ended in 1939 when Italy conquered the country.
1912Independence: 28 November 1912 (from the Ottoman Empire).
1943Germany then occupied Albania in 1943, and communist partisans took over the country in 1944.
1960Albania allied itself first with the USSR (until 1960) and then with China (until 1978).
1997Government-endorsed pyramid schemes in 1997 led to economic collapse and civil disorder, which only ended when UN peacekeeping troops intervened.
1999In 1999, some 450,000 ethnic Albanians fled from Kosovo to Albania to escape the war with the Serbs.
2009Albania joined NATO in 2009 and became an official candidate for EU membership in 2014.
2011Languages: Albanian 98.8% (official - derived from Tosk dialect), Greek 0.5%, other 0.6% (including Macedonian, Romani, Vlach, Turkish, Italian, and Serbo-Croatian), unspecified 0.1% (2011 est.) Religions: Muslim 56.7%, Roman Catholic 10%, Orthodox 6.8%, atheist 2.5%, Bektashi (a Sufi order) 2.1%, other 5.7%, unspecified 16.2% (2011 est.) Urban population: 64.6% of total population (2023).
2023Generation mix — solar: 3.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 96.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) Energy use: 27.407 million Btu/person (2023 est.).
2023Industries: food; footwear, apparel and clothing; lumber, oil, cement, chemicals, mining, basic metals, hydropower Agriculture: milk, maize, tomatoes, watermelons, potatoes, wheat, grapes, onions, cucumbers/gherkins, olives (2023) Electricity access: 100% (2022 est.).
2023Major urban areas: 520,000 TIRANA (capital) (2023) upper-middle-income Balkan economy; EU accession candidate; growth bolstered by tourism, agriculture, mining, construction, and private consumption; fiscal consolidation through revenue collection and tax compliance enhancements to address public debt; challenges include weak governance, corruption, and high emigration rates Inflation: 2.2% (2024 est.).
2025Military spending: 2% of GDP (2025 est.).
